HISTORY OF (HAWAN SALLAR GANI) IN HADEJIA.

Sallar Gani is an old tradition in Hadejia, Jigawa state. It is celebrated annually particularly during the Month of Rabiúl Auwal, in the Islamic calendar when Muslims are celebrating Maulud, the birth day of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

According to the former Galadiman Jauje of Hadejia, Alhaji Baba Daudu, the tradition was introduced by the Emir of Hadejia, late Abdulkadir, 91 years ago. Galadiman Jauje
added that the late Emir introduced the Hawan Gani and Hawan Bariki during his reign, where festivities including a special durbar are being carried out. Gani is a 3-day festivity in Hadejia town.

On the first day, the Emir and his entourage will leave the palace on horses in the evening hours and go round the town. The entourage will lead the Emir round the town through Unguwar-Bayi to Magama-Hudu then to Ramin-Hudu to Charbin-Barau, pass through Majema to Bakin-Kasuwa then to Makwalla to Kofar-Jerma and to the Hadejia Juma'at Mosque, where the Emir makes a stop over and receive greetings from the horse riders. This special greeting is traditionally called Jafi.

After greeting the Emir, the entourage will
forge ahead to the palace, while the Emir will remain there until all horse riders have passed. At the palace the district heads and their associates will line up at the front of the Emir’s palace and wait for the Emir. When the riders have settled at the palace, the Emir will be informed, and he will then move to his palace to deliver his annual Gani message to the Governor and other top Government officials, who have been seated there waiting for his arrival.

The entourage was arranged in such a way that the princes, district and ward heads, as well as other horse riders will be at the front followed by the Emir, and finally the Wamban Hadejia and District head of Balangu. This is why the District head of Balangu is called Kurar-Baya, which literally means the Emir’s rear body guard.

On the second day, the Emir and his
entourage will ride their horses and head to Bariki, popularly known as Nassarawa, where in those days the Emir will intimate the colonial masters about the problems and yearnings of the people, for the latter to address them.

However, now that, the country has secured its independence, the Emir passes the message to Government officials, including the representative of the state Governor, the Local Government Chairman and other Government officials.

After delivering his annual speech at Bariki,
the Emir and his entourage will then return to the palace. The Emir will enter his home, while other horse riders will leave for their respective homes. Thus marks the end of the second day’s activities.

For the third and the final day, the Emir and
his entourage will leave the palace to Babban- Daki (residence of the Emir’s mother) for the annual greeting. This greeting is the last segment of the Gani festival in Hadejia Local Government.

By virtue of the activities taking place in Hadejia town during Gani, one would believe that to an average Hadejia indigene, the tradition is a replica of Eid-fitr or Eid-el-Kabir festivals. The Emir and the entire districts heads, as well as other traditional title holders are the participants of the special durbar. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

The durbar is usually conducted in the evening hours, where the Emir and other traditional leaders ride their horses. The horses are usually decorated in different ways just to please visitors and other lookers, during the festival.

Traditional drummers could also be seen
performing during Gani festival. While some of these local drummers were performing independently, others are sponsored by either district heads or ward heads to be in their entourage.

Because of the importance accorded to the Gani festival by people of Hadejia, individuals particularly children could be seen wearing new clothes during the fiesta. Some households also share delicious dishes with relatives, friends, well-wishers and neighbours, on the day of Gani festival. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

Shedding light on the Gani festivity in Hadejia, the former Galadiman Jauje of Hadejia, Alhaji Baba Daudu said he was born in the year when the then Emir of Hadejia, late Abdulkadir, introduced the Hawan Gani and Hawan Bariki.
Baba Daudu say he has been attending the annual Gani fiesta since the reign of the Emir of Hadejia, late Usman. He added that, “I have attended Gano under the reigns of four Emirs which include late Emir Usman, late Emir Haruna, and late Emir Maje and now under the Emir Adamu.”

Daudu recalled that “the festivity is advancing now. Things are changing concerning the conduct of the annual festival. In the olden days, the activities were not as much as they are presently. The number of horse riders are many now, unlike in the past where only few
horses were participating.” Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

Monday 12-12-2016

SHEKARU DARI DA KAFA GARIN KADUNA (Tasowar Gwamnatin Mulkin Mallaka Daga Dungurun Zuwa Kaduna)

Jadawalin Gwamnonin Da Suka Mulki Jihar Zuwa Yanzu

An taso daga Dungurun zuwa Kaduna a  16/11/1916.
WAIWAYE : Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka, ta taso zuwa Kaduna a ranar 16 ga watan nuwamba na shekarar 1916 , ma'aikatar Fidaburdi a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba suka taso. Amma ma'aikatar Safiyo da Baitulmali da sakatariya sai a karshen shekara suka iso. Wadanda suka taso daga basani su ne ma'aikatar laeiya da ta 'yan sanda.

A cikin karamin lokaci, watau wajen misalin shekaru hudu (1912-1916) an shiga manya manyan gine gine a kaduna. An yi wadannan gine ginen cikin rahusa, saboda arhar aikin lebura da Turawan suka samu. An kashe fam 116,150.00 wajen gina garin kaduna kafin a tare baki daya.

Turawan Mulkin Mallaka karkashin jagorancin Gwamna Luggar sun kafa Garin Kaduna dan ta kasance hedkwatan Nijeriya, sun gina garin bisa tsari.

Garin kaduna ya samu ci gaba da dama ta fuska daban daban tayanda a nan ne akwai cibiyoyi daban daban na ma'aikatu da dama, A nan ne akwai Hedkwatan Musulunci wato Jama'atu nasrul islam, Barikin Sojoji na NDA, Barikin sojojin Sama da na kasa  da na ruwa, filin tashi da saukan jiragen sama, gidan gwamnati, Hedkwatocin ma'aikatu kamar na ilmi, lafiya, kudi da dai sauran su. Haka ma ta fannin makaranta, akwai manya manyan makarantu da dama, hakama asibitoci. Sai dai muce sam barka domin Kaduna ta amsa sunan ta Hedkwatan Nijeriya kamar yadda turawan mulkin Mallaka suka so hakan.

Tin daga Gwamna Lugga wanda shi ne gwamnan kaduna na farko, garin kaduna ta samu gwamnoni da dama, daga cikin su akwai:

JERIN SUNAYEN WASU DAGA CIKIN GWAMNONIN KADUNA
DA RADAN DA SUKA HAU DA SAUKAR SU.

1. Abba Kyari Daga 28 May 1967 zuwa Jul 1975

2. Usman Jibrin daga July 1975 zuwa 1977

3. Muktar Muhammed daga 1977 July 1978

4. Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa daga July 1978 zuwa October 1979

5. Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa daga October 1979 23  zuwa Jun 1981

6. Abba Musa Rimi daga 6 July 1981zuwa October 1983

7. Lawal Kaita daga October 1983 zuwa Decem 1983

8. Usman Mu'azu daga January 1984 zuwa. August 1985

9. Dangiwa Umar daga August 1985 zuwa June 1988

10. Abdullahi Sarki Mukhtar daga July 1988 zuwa August 1990

11. Abubakar Tanko Ayuba daga August 1990 2 zuwa Janu 1992

12. Mohammed Dabo Lere daga 2 January 1992 zuwa Novem 1993

13. Lawal Jafaru Isa daga 9 December 1993 22  zuwa Aug 1996

14. Hammed Ali daga 22 August 1996  zuwa August 1998

15. Umar Farouk Ahmed daga August 1998 zuwa 29 May 1999

16. Ahmed Makarfi daga 29 May 1999 zuwa 29 May 2007

17. Mohammed Namadi Sambo daga 29 May 2007 zuwa 19 May 2010

18. Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa daga 20 May 2010 zuwa 15 Decem 2012

19. Mukhtar Ramalan Yero daga 15 December 2012 zuwa 29 May 2015

20. Nasiru Ahmed El- Rufai daga 29 May 2015

The History of Shaihu Usman dan Fodio

Shaihu Usman dan Fodio

(Arabic: ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻮﺩﻱ ، ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻮﺩﻳﻮ ) also referred to as Shaikh Usman Ibn Fodio , Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye, or Shehu Usman dan Fodio, 1754 - 1817) was the founde r of the Sokoto Caliphate, a religious teacher, writer and Islamic reformer. Dan Fodio was one of a class of
urbanized ethnic Fulani living in the Hausa States in what is today northern Nigeria. A teacher of the Maliki school of law and the Qadiriyyah order of Sufism, he lived in the city-state of Gobir until 1802 when, motivated by his reformist ideas and
under increased repression by local authorities, he led his followers into exile. This exile began a political and social revolution which spread from Gobir throughout modern Nigeria and Cameroon,
and was echoed in an ethnicly Fula led Jihad movement across West Africa. Dan Fodio declined much of the pomp of rulership, and while developing contacts with religious reformists and Jihad leaders across Africa, he soon passed actual leadership of the Sokoto state to his son, Muhammed Bello. Dan Fodio wrote more than a hundred books concerning religion, government, culture and society. He developed a critique of existing African Muslim elites for what he saw as their greed, irreligiousity, violation of the standards of Sharia law, and heavy taxation.
He encouraged literacy and scholarship, including for women, and several of his daughters emerged as scholars and writers. His writings and sayings continue to be much quoted today, and is often affectionately referred to as Shehu in Nigeria. Some followers consider dan Fodio to have been a Mujaddid, a divinely inspired "reformer of Islam".
Dan Fodio's uprising inspired a number of later West African jihads, including those of Massina Empire founder Seku Amadu, Toucouleur Empire founder El Hadj Umar Tall (who married one of dan Fodio's granddaughters), Wassoulou Empire founder Samori, and Adamawa Emirate founder Modibo Adama.

TRAINING

Dan Fodio was well-educated in classical Islamic science, philosophy and theology and became a revered religious thinker. His teacher, Jibril ibn 'Umar argued that it was the duty and within the power of religious movements to establish the ideal society free from oppression and vice. His teacher was a North African Muslim alim who gave his apprentice a broader perspective of the Muslim reformist ideas in other parts of the Muslim world.
Dan Fodio used his influence to secure approval to create a religious community in his hometown of Degel that would, dan Fodio hoped, be a model town.

SPREADING ISLAM

However, in 1802, the ruler of Gobir and one of dan Fodio's students, Yunfa turned against him, revoking Degel's autonomy and attempting to assassinate dan Fodio. Dan Fodio and his followers fled into the western grasslands of Gudu where they turned for help to the local Fulani nomads. When he moved to Gudu he was proclaimed al-mu'minin ("commander of the faithful") In his book Tanbih al-ikhwan 'ala ahwal al-Sudan (" Concerning the Government of Our Country and Neighboring Countries in the Sudan") Usman writes: "The government of a country is the government of its king without question. If the king is a Muslim, his land is Muslim; if he is an Unbeliever, his land is a land of Unbelievers. In these circumstances it is obligatory for anyone to leave it for another country". [3] . Usman did exactly this when he left Gobir in 1802.

After that Yunfa turned for aid to the other leaders of the Hausa states, warning them that dan Fodio could.trigger a widespread Jihad. Eventually, he did and it was the first major Jihad for the series of Jihads which were surging during the eighteenth and nineteenth century across Sudan and the neighboring states. It was called the Sokoto Jihad and it took place in Hausaland. Yunfa proved right and dan Fodio was proclaimed Amir al-Muminin or Leader of the Faithful. This, in effect made him political as well as religious leader, giving him the authority to declare and pursue a Jihad, raising an army and becoming its commander. A widespread uprising began in Hausaland. This uprising was largely composed of the Fulani, who held a powerful military advantage with their cavalry. It was also widely supported by the Hausa peasantry who felt over taxed and oppressed by their rulers.

After only a few short years of the Fulani War, dan Fodio found himself in command of the largest state in Africa, the Fulani Empire.
His son Muhammed Bello and his brother Abdullahi were carrying out the Jihad and were taking care of the administration. Dan Fodio worked to establish an efficient government, one grounded in Islamic law. After 1811, Usman retired and continued writing about the righteous conduct of the Muslim belief.

After his death in 1817 his son, Muhammed Bello, succeeded his as amir al-mu'minin or Sultan of Sokoto and became the ruler of the Sokoto Caliphate which was the biggest state south of the Sahara at that time. Usman's brother Abdullahi.was given the title emir of Gwandu and he was placed in charge of the Western Emirates, Nupe and Ilorin. Thus, all Hausa states, parts of Nupe, Ilorin and Fulani outposts in Bauchi and Adamawa were all ruled by a single politico-religious system.

From the time of Usman dan Fodio there were twelve caliphs, until the Birtish conquest at the beginning of the twentieth century. Dan Fodio's uprising inspired a number of later West African jihads, including those of Massina Empire founder Seku Amadu, Toucouleur Empire founder El Hadj Umar Tall (who married one of dan Fodio's granddaughters), Wassoulou Empire founder Samori Ture, and Adamawa Emirate founder Modibo Adama.

The Sokoto is one of the major jihads which swept across the region of Sudan which resulted in the emergence of a state (the Fulani Empire). Great number of Fulani led by Usman dan Fodio, were unhappy that the rulers of the Hausa states were
mingling the Islam with aspects of the traditional regional religion.

After 20 years of writing, teaching and preaching, he finally withdrew his people to Gudu in 1802 and after 2 years, in 1804, he rose up and overthrew their rulers. In Islam Outside the Arab World , David Westerlund writes: "The jihad resulted in a federal theocratic state, with extensive autonomy for emirates, recognizing the spiritual authority of the caliph or the sultan of Sokoto." That means that Usman achieved his goal to raise the Muslim law above the power of the government which is one of his main ideas in his written works. In Tanbih al-ikhwan 'ala ahwal al-Sudan he writes: "As for the sultans, they are undoubtedly unbelievers, even though they may profess the religion of Islam, because they practice polytheistic rituals and turn people away from the path of God and raise the flag of worldly kingdom above the banner of Islam. All this is unbelief according to the consensus of opinions." Usman points out in his books many of the flaws and.demerits of the African non-Muslim or Nominal Muslim rulers.

Some of these are corruption on
various levels of the administration along with.absurdity and injustice regarding ordinary people's.rights. Usman is strongly criticizing the heavy taxation and obstruction created in the business
and trade of the Hausa states by the law system.

One can assume he was fighting for common equality according to the Muslim law which was inexistent before 1804. It is astonishing how the call for Jihad from Gudu managed to spread throughout the whole county. The communication
was carried along trade routes and rivers draining.to the Niger-Benue valley, as well as the delta and the lagoons. The call for Jihad did not only reach other Hausa states such as Kano, Katsina and
Zaria but also Borno, Gombe, Adamawa, Nupe and Ilorin.
These were all places with major or minor
groups of Fulani alims.

NANA ASMA'U

One of the most prominent members of the
caliphate was Shehu Usman dan Fodio's daughter. She was very devoted to the education of the Muslim women and she was a writer herself like most of the rest of her family. She witnessed many of the Jihad wars and wrote about her experiences in the war in her books.Many of her written works are related to Islamic education; for much of her adult life she was responsible for educating women
in their religion, Islam. She created a cadre of women teachers who travelled throughout the Caliphate educating women the students' own homes. Nana Asma'u was very well educated in the classics of the Arab world, and well versed in four languages (Arabic, Fulfulde, Hausa and Tamachek ) which gave her a widespread reputation of a scholar and the opportunity to communicate with the whole sub-Saharan African Muslim World. David Westerlund wrote: "She continued to be a source of inspiration to the present day."

TARIHIN AL UMMAR HAUSAWA TA BANGARAN SHUGABANCI

Shugabanci na nufin rikon ragamar al’umma da ba su umarni da yi musu jagoranci bisa tafarkin da suka amince da shi, da tsara musu dokoki da sasanta tsakaninsu, da makamantan wadannan.

Shugabanci ta bangaren al’adun Hausawa kuwa, ya faro ne daga tsarin zaman iyali inda Maigida yake kamar Sarki a gidansa, a kullum shi ne babba, daga nan sai matarsa da sauran yaran gida. Yayin da aka samu gidaje biyu ko fiye da haka akan zabi wani dattijo a matsayin shugaba, ko kuma wani jarumi wanda ya nuna ya fi kowa sadaukantaka da jaruntaka da dauriya.

Wasu dalilai kamar halin kunci a cikin gida ko bukata irin ta tsaro ko rashin zaman lafiya, kan sa Maigida ya fitar da wasu daga cikin ‘ya‘yansa zuwa wani guri na daban, kamar gona ko garke.
Ta haka ne iyali kan yadu su yawaita su hada wani kauye.

Saboda haka ne sai a kara zabar wani shugaban da zai shugabanci wannan kauye. Wannan shi ya haifar da mukamin MAI UNGUWA kuma shi zai dinga tsara musu dokoki.

Kauye yakan bunkasa ya zama gari sosai, a sakamakon haka sai a kara zabar wani mutum a matsayin Maigari wato (Fagaci) don kula da wannan gari.

Da aka samu ci gaba kuma, garuruwa suka kara yawaita sai aka samar da mukamin Hakimi, ana ba wa Hakimi garuruwan Maigari akalla biyar don ya kula da su.

Da tafiya tai tafiya, sai aka samar da mukamin Sarki inda ake hada wa Sarki masarautar Hakimi akalla biyar ko fiye domin ya shugabance su ya kuma shimfida musu dokoki domin zaman lafiya.

A takaice dai ajin shugabannin da ke tsara dokoki a tsakanin talakawansu sun hada da Maiunguwa, da Fagaci, da Hakimi, da Sarki, don haka a tsarin zaman Hausawa komai dukiyar mutum in ba ya cikin wannan jeri to talaka ne.

TARIHIN KASAR MARADI (JAMHORIYAR NIGER)

Jihar Maradi itace cibiyar kasuwanci akasar niger, wacce Allah ya Albarkaceta, da masana, malamai, masu kudi, da ma’aikata, sannan kuma tana daya daga cikin manyan garuruwa daga cikin garuruwan kasar hausa, saboda tana daya daga cikin garuwuwa na kudancin Niger karkashin manyan garuruwan kasar hausa, kuma ta kasance karkashin mulkin Katsina shiyasa ma ake mata lakabi da Katsinan Maradi domin kuwa katsinan ta mulketa tun lokacin yake yaken kasar hausa, kuma hasalima yanzu idan za a kira sarautar maradi sai ance Sarkin Katsinan Maradi kaga kenan zamu iya cewa Maradawa Katsinawane tun asali.

Maradi tayi yake yake sosai a kasar hausa inda taci nasarar wasu garuruwa, wasu kuma suka bata kashi, amma dai tarihi ya nuna Bamarade jarumine, kuma bashi tsoro, wannan shisa ta bunkasa a kasar hausa har lukacin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka nan kasar hausa inda suka sha
gwagwarmaya da turawa a wancan lokacin, a zamanin Sarki Katsinan Maradi Daci, tsakanin shekara ta 1892 zuwa 1894.
Bayan jihadin Sheik Usman Dan fodio mujaddadi, inda ya yaki Sarakunan Kasar hausa ya kuma jaddada addinin Musulunci a wannan nahiyar, ya kuma canza sarakuna da dama musammam wadanda
suka bujirewa ka'idodinsa Maradin ta shiga cikin jerin kasashen wannan abu ya ritsa dasu, ta kuma ta sami sarakuna har guda 23 bayan kafuwar masarautar Maradi. Wanda suka hada da:-

SARAKUNAN DA SUKAYI MULKI A KASAR MARADI

1. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Dan kasawa 1817-1830 Shekara 13
2. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Rauda 1830-1836 Shekara 6

3. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Dan Mari 1836-1843 Shekara 7

4. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Binoni 1843-1848 Shekara 5

5. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Dan Mehedi 1848-1851 Shekara 3

6. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Dan Baura 1851-1852 Shekara 1

7. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Dan Baskore 1852-1875 Shekara 22

8. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Barmo 1875-1879 Shekara 5

9. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Maza waje 1879-1882 Shekara 3

10. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Malam 1882-1883 Shekara 1

11. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Salau 1883-1887 Shekara 5

12. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Gulbi dan kaka 1887-1889 Shekara 3

13. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Dandadi 1889-1890 Shekara 1

14. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Mijin yawa 1890-1892 Shekara 2

15. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Naibo 1892-1894 Shekara 2

16. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Daci 1894-1897 Shekara 3

17. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Kure

18. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Mahamman Burja 1820

19. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Ali dan Kimale 1920

20. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Dan Kulodo 1920-1944 Shekara 24

21. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Dan Baskore 1944-1947 Shekara 3

22. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Elh Sani kure Buzu 1947-2004 Shekara 57

23. Sarkin katsinan Maradi Elh Ali Zaki 07/02/2005

HISTORY OF SALLAR GANI IN HADEJIA

Sallar Gani is an old tradition in Hadejia,
Jigawa state. It is celebrated annually
particularly during the Month of Rabiúl Auwal,
in the Islamic calendar when Muslims are
celebrating Maulud, the birth day of the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

According to the former Galadiman Jauje of
Hadejia, Alhaji Baba Daudu, the tradition was
introduced by the Emir of Hadejia, late
Abdulkadir, 80 years ago. Galadiman Jauje
added that the late Emir introduced the
Hawan Gani and Hawan Bariki during his
reign, where festivities including a special
durbar are being carried out. Daily Trust
observed that Gani is a 3-day festivity in
Hadejia town.

On the first day, the Emir and his entourage
will leave the palace on horses in the evening
hours and go round the town. The entourage
will lead the Emir round the town through
Unguwar-Bayi to Magama-Hudu then to
Ramin-Hudi to Charbin-Barau, pass through
Majema to Bakin-Kasuwa then to Makwalla to
Kofar-Jerma and to the Hadejia Jumaat
Mosque, where the Emir makes a stop-over
and receive greetings from the horse riders.
This special greeting is traditionally called Jafi.
After greeting the Emir, the entourage will
forge ahead to the palace, while the Emir will
remain there until all horse riders have
passed. At the palace the district heads and
their associates will line up at the front of the
Emir’s palace and wait for the Emir. When the
riders have settled at the palace, the Emir will
be informed, and he will then move to his
palace to deliver his annual Gani message to
the Governor and other top Government
officials, who have been seated there waiting
for his arrival.

The entourage was arranged in such a way that the princes, district and ward heads, as well as other horse riders will be at the front followed by
the Emir, and finally the Wamban Hadejia and
District head of Balangu. This is why the
District head of Balangu is called Kurar-Baya,
which literally means the Emir’s rear body
guard.

On the second day, the Emir and his
entourage will ride their horses and head to
Bariki, popularly known as Nassarawa, where
in those days the Emir will intimate the
colonial masters about the problems and
yearnings of the people, for the latter to
address them.

However, now that, the country has secured
its independence, the Emir passes the
message to Government officials, including
the representative of the state Governor, the
Local Government Chairman and other
Government officials.

After delivering his annual speech at Bariki,
the Emir and his entourage will then return to
the palace. The Emir will enter his home, while
other horse riders will leave for their
respective homes. Thus marks the end of the
second day’s activities.
For the third and the final day, the Emir and
his entourage will leave the palace to Babban-
Daki (residence of the Emir’s mother) for the
annual greeting. This greeting is the last
segment of the Gani festival in Hadejia Local
Government.

By virtue of the activities taking place in
Hadejia town during Gani, one would believe
that to an average Hadejia indigene, the
tradition is a replica of Eid-fitr or Eid-el-Kabir
festivals. The Emir and the entire districts
heads, as well as other traditional title holders
are the participants of the special durbar.
The durbar is usually conducted in the
evening hours, where the Emir and other
traditional leaders ride their horses. The
horses are usually decorated in different ways
just to please visitors and other lookers,
during the festival.
Traditional drummers could also be seen
performing during Gani festival. While some of
these local drummers were performing
independently, others are sponsored by either
district heads or ward heads to be in their
entourage.

Because of the importance accorded to the
Gani festival by people of Hadejia, individuals
particularly children could be seen wearing
new clothes during the fiesta. Some
households also share delicious dishes with
relatives, friends, well-wishers and
neighbours, on the day of Gani festival.
Shedding light on the Gani festivity in Hadejia,
the former Galadiman Jauje of Hadejia, Alhaji
Baba Daudu said he was born in the year
when the then Emir of Hadejia, late
Abdulkadir, introduced the Hawan Gani and
Hawan Bariki.

Baba Daudu say that he has been
attending the annual Gani fiesta since the
reign of the Emir of Hadejia, late Usman. He
added that, “I have attended Gano under the
reigns of four Emirs which include late Emir
Usman, late Emir Haruna, and late Emir Maje
and now under the Emir Adamu.”

Daudu recalled that “the festivity is advancing
now. Things are changing concerning the
conduct of the annual festival. In the olden
days, the activities were not as much as they
are presently. The number of horse riders are
many now, unlike in the past where only few
horses were participating.”

Delivering his annual message to Governor
Sule Lamido, the Emir of Hadejia, Alhaji Adamu
Abubakar Maje said Gani festival is an annual
tradition which has been conducted by the
Hadejia emirate for years.
The Emir then appealed to the state
Government to provide enough drinking
water to the people of Hadejia, saying “my
people face serious difficulties before they
could get drinking water, whenever there is
power outage in the town.” Taskar Suleiman.Ginsau

“The existing generator brought to the town
by the Government is not enough. I am calling
on the authorities to look into the plight of
the Hadejia people, and provide them with a
bigger generator so that the water scheme
supplying water to them could be more
functional,” he said.
He also urged the state Government to
rehabilitate the road that links Unguwar-Bayi
to Bariki, saying “the road has a great
importance not only for horse riders during
the Gani festivity, but to other road users. The
road has remained dilapidated for some years
now.” taskar Suleiman.Ginsau

Maje commended the state Government for
facilitating the release of N10m by the Federal
Government for the completion of the Hadejia
Jama’are-River Basin Development Authority
(H-JRBA) Irrigation scheme, saying the scheme
will provide enough job opportunities to the
teaming unemployed youth in the state.

TARIHIN NAGERIYA A SHEKARUN BAYA!

Wani bangaren tarihi kasar da a yau tafi kowace yawan mutane a nahiyar Afirka wato Najeriya, ya nuna cewa mutanan farko da aka fara sa mu a kasar su ne kabilar Nok a wuraren Jos na Jahar Plato dake Arewa maso gabashin kasar. Shekaru 2,000 da suka wuce kabilar Nok sun yi suna wajen amfani da karafa domin kera wasu manyan kayayyakin kawa.

Garuruwan Benue da Calabar su ne asalin kabilar Bantu da sukai hijira suka bazu zuwa Afirka ta tsakiya da kasashen kudancin nahiyar shekaru aru aru da suka wuce.

A Arewacin Najeriya, Kano da Katsina sun kafu shekaru 1000 bayan fakuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Koda yake Daular Kanem Borno dake kusa da kogin Chadi ce ta mamaye Arewacin Najeriya har na tsawon shekaru dari shida 600, amma suma wadannan garuruwan sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci a yankin tsakanin kabilar Bareberi na Arewacin Afirka da kuma garuruwan dake karkashin daular Kanem
Borno.

DAULAR USMANIYYA

A farkon karni na 19, Shehu Usman Dan Fodio ya ci yawancin garuruwan Arewacin Najeriya da yaki, inda suka koma karkashin daular Musulunci dake da shalkwatarta a Sokoto.

Masarautun Ife da Oyo na kabilar Yarabawa a kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya sun yi suna a shekarun 1400 wato karni na 15. Bisa ga tarihin Yarabawa, Ile Ife ita ce tushen bil adama a ra'ayinsu.
A yankin Ile- Ife ne ake sassake sassaken terra cotta wanda yai suna a kusan manyan kasashen duniya.

Shekaru da dama da suka wuce akwai lokacin da masarautar Oyo a yammacin Najeriya ta fadada har zuwa cikin kasar Togo, wanda yanuna asalin dadaddiyar mu'amala da dankwan zumunci tsakanin kasashen biyu.

Ana iya cewa masarautar Benin a kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya ita ce wadda tafi kowace girma da karfi a kasar. Tun daga karni na 15 zuwa na 19 ne masarautar Benin ta yi zamani, kuma girmanta ya kai har cikin Eko, garin da zuwan Turawan Portugal suka sauya
wa suna zuwa Legas. Ife da Benin sun yi suna ta wajen amfani da hauren giwa, katako da karafa wajen kera abubawan da suke sayarwa.

DAULAR NRI

Ta bangaren kudu maso gabashin Najeriya kuma daular Nri ta samu kafuwa tun daga kusan karni na goma har zuwa shekarar 1911, abinda yasa ta kasance daular da tafi kowace dadewa a Najeriya, kuma tana karkashin masarautar Sarki ko Eze Nri ne. Anyi ittifakin cewa garin Nri shi ne tushen al'adar kabilar Ibo.

Garuruwan Nri da Aguleri inda tarihi ya nuna nan ne asalin kabilar Ibo na cikin haular Umeuri wadanda tsatstsan sarki Eri ne.

Bayan kabilar Ibo, akwai wasu karin kabilu a yankin kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya, wadanda suka hada da Ibibiyo da sauransu.

A nan yankin ne aka samu wasu daga cikin
manyan sassake-sassake kamar Igbo-Ukwu da ke da dadadden tarihi a Afirka ta Yamma.

Gabanin shigowar Turawan mulkin mallakar Najeriya, 'yan kasar na zaman lafiya da juna tare da yin harkar kasuwanci batare da kokawar neman samun arzikin kasa ko mulki ba a dukkan sassan kasar.

Kowane bangare na amfani da tsarin mulkinsa na asali domin tafiyar da harkokin shugabantar jama'arsu. Wannan ya kawo ci gaban yankunan Najeriya.

Daga:-

Suleiman Ginsau

WAKAR TARIHIN YAKIN HADEJIA DAGA MARIGAYI ALH. IBRAHIM KATALA!

Acikin shekara ta 1906 ne, Turawan mulkin
mallaka na kasar Ingila, tare da sojojinsu dauke da muggan, makamai suka yiwa birnin Hadejia tsinke. Inda hakan tayi sanadiyyar gwabza wani mummunan yaki/fada tsakanin Turawan mulkin mallaka da kuma Jaruman kasar Hadejia masu gwagwarmayar kwatar yancin kai. Hakan yayi sanadiyyar mutuwar KYAFTIN H.C.E PHILLIPS (MAI TUMBI), inda aka kissima cewa, dubban mutane ne suka rasa rayukansu a sanadiyar hakan. Babban abin lura shine, dukkan wadannan dubban bayin Allah da suka rasa rayukansu, sun rasa ne a rana guda, cikinsu kuwa harda Sarkin na Hadeja a wannan zamani, Wato Sarkin Hadejia Muhammadu. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

Wannan waka ta tattare dukkan abinda ya faru a ranar, ta kuma yi cikkakken bayani gameda yadda Shahidan Hadeja suka jajircewa abinda suka kira, bautar dasu acikin kasarsu. Koba komai, wannan ya nuna yadda yan Afrika suka dauki yancinsu da muhimmanci.
Da fatan Allah ya jikansu, nakecewa ga abinda ya samu:-

WAKAR TARIHIN YAKIN HADEJIA DAGA MARIGAYI ALH. IBRAHIM KATALA!

1, Allahu sarki shi kadai yake wahidun sammai da kassai jalla bashi da kishiya.

2, Shi ba fari shi ba baki ba ubangiji ba ja ba ba alkashi bashi ga rawaya.

3, Ba sake sake ba ba kamar yarani ba shudi da kore jalla bashi da mai kama.

4, Zatinsa baya tattara bai rarraba da kawai da motsi bayayi ko sau daya.

5, Sarkinda ba na biyunsa ba na uku nasa ka dadan basira zanyi waken shahidu.

6, Ranar talata munga tashin duniya Rannan Muhammadu yai shahada zahira.

7, Shi yai jawabi ya fada shi bai gudu kuma bashi mai kamu a darul duniya.

8, Raggo ake kora a bishi a cim masa amma sadauki bai gudu sai faduwa.

9, Sarki Muhammadu yai jawabi ya cika shi bashi mai kamu a jashi ya tunkiya.

10, Dan melle sarkin yaki shima ya fada in dai da rai sarkinmu baya kamuwa.

11, Ma'ajin Hadejia saleh shima ya fada mun dau shahada zahira bahakikiya.

12, Manya da yara duk shirin yaki suke kowa yana wanka yana yin alwalah.

13, Kowa yana yin sallama a gida nasa sunsa gabansu a lahira ba dawaya.

14, Jama'ar Hadejiawa fa duk sun hallara kowa yana cewa fa mun zama shahidai.

15, Sarki Muhammadu mai shahadar zahiri ba badili ko dai cikin tawaga tasa.

16, Shi bai kamar tsoro ba baya razana kan ya ije ma babu sauran hanzari.

17, Ajali idan yayi babu kwana duniya kai dai zamo kullum shiri duka safiya.

18, Shi bai kamar tsoro a baya razana baya gudu dan Garba sarkin jarumai.

19, Mutuwa tafarki wanda kowa zayabi ai kulli nafsin dukka rai zai dandana.

20, Aka daura sirdi nai ya hau bisa ya tsaya yace mu dau himmar shahada zahira.

21, Sarki Muhammadu baya tsoro ko kadan Allah ma'aiki su take tsoro kadai.

22, Hauninsa linzamin mayani ya rike damansa tasbihi salatin annabi.

23, Dan mai karatu tudun kasa ba dawaya dan garba jikan sambo sarkin adalai.

24, Duk mai shahada auwalinsa madacima suka barace da fari ya mutu shahidi.

25, Farkon hawa yaki galadima sai haru ranar talata sun ka sauka a barzahu.

26, Alkali sarkin yaki kaura amada sarkin arewa da sunkaje can sun tsaya.

27, Suka jeru sunka tsaya a nan kofar gabas kafin suje har mai ruwa ya taddasu.

28, Kasan igwa dokinmu shi bai santa ba duka dokuna na faduwa ba lissafa.

29, Igwa tana tashi madafa na zuba yau sai ta Allah babu sauran shawara.

30, Jaruman Muhammadu basu tsoro ko kadan sun gwammace mutuwa da dai subi kafiri.

31, kuma sabo jikan tete harbi nai ake anan a kofar fada duk suka tuntsure.

32, Firyan Hadejia shi da bori na salihu kofar gabas suka fadi nan aka cim musu.

33, Dodo na zela da shi da gwanki barin nufe sun karbi hartashi a kwaryar kai nasu.

34, Ai babu mai mutuwa gaban ajali nasa kan surfa gero kan daka wasu sun fice.

35, iko idan Allahu yayi nufi nasa ai ba tsimi balle dabara ko daya.

36, Tamkar kamar inuwarka baka guje mata in kai gudun ta bika harma ka tsaya.

37, Hartashi na yawo kamar burduduwa tamkar zubar wake a can a masussuka.

38, Ya ratsa soraye ya ratsa katanguna tamkar kabewa ko kamar tumfafiya.

39, Yasha zarar soro ya keta katanguna da kago da zaure sun zube ba tambata.

40, Tsarnu da kurna har kasa durumi dada ya kar dabinai cediya da itatuwa.

41, Rannan Hadejia munga tashin hankali Allah da manzo su kadai ne magani.

42, Abdulwahabu baka tana hannu nasa artashi ya samar ya tsinke tsirkiya. 

Allah yaji kansu ya musu gafara, Allah ya yafemusu duk kan kura-kuransu baki daya. Amin...
MAWALLAFIN WAKAR:- MARIGAYI ALHAJI IBRAHIM KATALA. Allah yaji kansa da Rahma. Amin Idan tamu tazo Allah yasa mucika da Imani...

TAKARDAR NADIN SARKIN HADEJIA HARUNA, DAN SARKI MUHAMMADU, DAN BUHARI 1906-1909. WANDA TURAWA SUKA NADASHI. BAYAN KAMMALA YAKIN HADEJIA DA TURAWA.

                                                            24-10-1907

C. Temple, ESQ, Razdant Sokoto Province
Sokoto.

Kamar yadda na rubuto maka a TELEGIRAM dina mai Lamba 2035 da kuma amsar da kabani wacce ke dauke da zancen Takardar Nadin Sarkin Hadejia, ina mai rubuta maka fassarar wannan Takarda izuwa Harshen Turanci.

Sabon Sarkin shine da aka Nada shine Haruna dan Sarki Muhammadu dan Sarki Buhari. Shi Sarki Muhammadu shine wanda yaki yarda damu, kuma ya yaki Sojojin Sarkin Ingila.

Shine kuma wanda aka kashe lokacin ana yakin. Ya yinda za'a mikawa wannan sabon Sarki Takardar Nadin sa CAPT. HCB PHILISPS yayi masa bayanin dokokinmu dalla-dalla wanda ke kunshe a cikin ta a baiyane da manya-manya Hakiman sa da Bayinsa da Barorinsa da sauran ja'ar gari.
                                               Acting Secretary.
The Scretary
Zungeru 24th Oct. 1907.

NAZARI AKAN TARIHI DA RAYUWAR GALADIMAN HADEJIA ALH. USMAN ABDUL'AZIZ.

(TARE DA SULEIMAN GINSAU)

"SALSALAR HAIHUWA DA KARATUN  GALADIMA"

Kamar yadda yake a bayyane an haifi Mai Girma Galadiman Hadejia Alh. Usman Abdul'aziz a garin Hadejia da ke Jihar Jigawa a ranar 23 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1959, wanda yayi dai-dai da 20 ga watan Rabi'ul Sani na shakarar ta 1379.
Idan muka dubi rayuwar Galadima a bangaran karatunsa ya halarci Makarantar Hudu Islamiyya dake garin Hadejia a shekarar 1963, ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Hadejia Central a shekarar 1965-1971, inda daga nan kuma ya wuce zuwa  Kwalejin Geamnati dake Kano wadda a yanzu ta koma Rumfa Kwalej a shekarun 1972-1976,  a matakin sakandare daga nan kuma ya wuce Makarantar koyan sana'a dake Kaduna (Kaduna Polytechnic)  anan ne ya yi karatunsa na Karamar Diploma ckin shekarun 1976-1979. Yayi Babbar Diploma akan kasuwanci a (Kaduna Polytechnic) cikin shekarun 1979-1981. Yaci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Bauchi a Shekarun 1997-1998 ya sami shaidar Babbar Diploma ta gaba da Digiri a kan kasuwanci, daga nan ya wuce kasar waje domin karo Ilmi inda ya shiga Jami'ar St. Clements da ke kasar Australia a shekarun 1998-1999 a inda ya samu shaidar Digiri na biyu a bangaran Kasuwanci, daga nan ya sake komawa Jami'ar Tafawa Balewa dake Baushi domin cigaba da karatunsa a inda ya sake samun shaidar wani Digirinsa na biyu a kan kasuwanci na komai da ruwanka wato ( General) a shekara ta 2000-2001. Mai Girma Galadima Usman Abdul'aziz ya yiwa kasa hidima a Jihar Binuwai daga shekara ta 1981zuwa1982

"RAYUWARSA TA AIKI"

Bangaran Rayuwarsa ta aiki kuwa abin abin sha'awa da ban mamaki Mai Girma Galadiman Hadejia Alh. Usman Abdu'aziz ya fara aiki ne a ma'aikatar Ciniki da masana'antu ta tsohuwar Jihar Kano a shekara ta 1982, a matsayin jami'i mai kula da bangaren ciniki.

"AIKIN GALADIMA A KAMFANIN TOTAL"

Daga nan ya kama aiki da Kamfanin Mai na Total a matsayin wakili mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci a watan Augusta na shekarar 1983, bayan samun horo da yayi a Hedikwatar Kamfanin da ke birnin Lagos,  daga nan an yi masa canjin aiki zuwa Jihar Kano a matsayin jami'i mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci.
Bayan dawowarsa Kano ansake yi masa canjin aiki zuwa Jihar Barno a shekarata 1988 a matsayin wakilin harkokin kasuwanci mai kula da shiyyar Arewa maso Gabas na Kamfanin Mai na Total. Kasancewarsa a wannan shiyya ya bada gagarumar gudunmawa wajen cigaban wannan Kamfani, hakan ne ya sanya aka sake yi masa canjin aiki zuwa sabon ofishin da aka bude na Kamfanin a Jos, hedkwatar Jihar Filato a matsayin Manaja mai kula sha'anin kasuwanci, zamansa a Jos ya gudanar da ayyukan da suka kai Kamfanin ga samun nasara, a inda aka daga darajarsa a wannan shiyya, hakan ta sa aka kara ciyad dashi gaba aka bashi Manajan kula da kasuwanci a shiyyar Arewa maso Gabas, a shekara ta 1996. A lokacin da yake gudanar da ayyukansa a wannan shiyya a Jos bayan ci gaban da na bayyana mai dorewa ya samar ta fuskar habaka kasuwancin Kamfanin. Lallai Galadima ya tabbatar wa  Duniya cewa shi tsayayye ne wanda yasan harkokin kasuwanci bisa gaskiya da rikon amana.
Har ila yau kwarewarsa ce ta sa aka sake karama masa mukami zuwa Manajan yanki wanda ya kunshi Jahohi kamar su:-
1. Bauchi
2. Gombe
3. Barno
4. Yobe
5. Adamawa
6. Taraba
7. Filato
8. Nasarawa
9. Binuwai
10. Kogi
shedikwatar tana nan a matsayinta a Jos
A shekara ta 2001 lokacin da Kamfanin Mai na Total da na ELF suka hade an sami canje-canje inda aka kirkiro sabon Ofis mai kula da Arewa mai nisa dake da shedikwata a Kano, tare da nada Galadima a matsayin Manajan shiyya mai kula da Jihohin da suka yi iyaka da kasashen Republic of Benin, Niger, Chad da Cameroon kamar haka:-
1. Kebbi
2. Sakkwato
3. Zamfara
4. Katsina
5. Kano
6. Jigawa
7. Yobe
8. Barno
9. Adamawa
A shekarar 2006 an kuma yi masa canjin aiki zuwa birnin Benin a matsayin Manaja mai kula da shiyyar yamma ta tsskiya. Kamfanin Total ya kirkiro Ofishin kasuwancin Najeriya a Abuja wanda aka bawa Galadima Manajan wannan Ofis mai kula da shi a shekara ta 2008.

"AIKIN GALADIMA A KAMFANIN MAI  NA NNPC"

Dangane da irin gagarumar gudun mawa da jajircewar sane tasa, daga bisani aka yi masa canjin aiki zuwa Kamfanin NNPC a shekara ta 2012 lokacin da Kamfanin na NNPC ya nemi Kamfanin Total da ya basu shi don ya taimaka wajen canja akalar tafiyadda kamfanin NNPC Retail yadda zai yi daidai da sauran manyan kamfanonin mai na kasuwanci irin su TOTAL.
A yayin zamansa a Kamfanin NNPC na kasa ya samar da ci gaba ta fuskar samar da kudaden shiga masu tarin yawa, ya samu nasarar bude kananan gidajen Mai shiryawa tare tabbatar da tsaftace kasafin kudaden Kamfanin, Galadima ya samar da ci gaban Kamfanin NNPC Retail tare da inganta harkokin kasuwanci a matsayin Janar Manaja mai kula da saye da kasuwanci a karkashin NNPC Retail Ltd, a Abuja cikin watan Maris na 2012.
Haka kuma Kamfanin NNPC ya sake ba shi mukami Janar Manaja mai kula da tsare-tsare da dabarun aiki cikin watan Maris na 2013 a dai karkashin NNPC Retail Ltd.

"A JIYE AIKIN GALADIMA"

Alhamdulillah mai Girma Galadima ya yi aikinsa cikin koshin lafiya tare rikon amana da gaskiya wanda hakan ya bashi damar ajiye aikinsa cikin walwala da jindadin, Galadima ya ajiye aiki don kashin kansa a shekara ta 2014, inda ya kafa Kamfaninsa mai suna ENCEE BUSINESS SERVICES, wanda yake gudanar da shawarwari da horo kan yadda za'a bunkasa harkokin kasuwanci Mai da Iskar Gas...
Galadima yana da matan Aure guda biyu da 'ya'ya Goma...

Wanda yayi nazari
SULEIMAN GINSAU

Association Of Nigerian Authors (ANA)

KASAR HADEJIA DA KABILUN CIKINTA

KASAR HADEJIA DA KABILUN CIKINTA

Kasar Hadejia tana da kabilu da dama wadanda kuma suke a barbaje a ko ina cikin kasar sannan suna da yarensu daban-daban irinsu:-
1. HAUSAWA
2. ABORAWA (FULANI)
3. MANGAWA
4. GIZMAWA
5. BADAWA
6. KOYAMAWA
7. TIJJANAWA

1. HAUSAWA:- Kabilar Hausawa sune kabila mafiya yawa a kasar Hadejia Domin su babu wanda zaice ga lokacinda suka shigo Kasar Hadejia. kuma tafi karfi a kasar sakamakon dadewar Garuruwansu. kamar Garun Gabas (Biram), Auyo, da Matsa, ko zuwan Bayajidda Garun Gabas yazo ne ya samu Mutanen Garin suna yin Hausanci. "Duk da wasu masana tarihi suna ganin cewa Tarihin Bayajidda ba gaskiya ba ne kawai tatsuniya ne"

2. ABORAWA (Fulani):- Kabilar fulani sun shigo kasar Hadejia tun a Farkon karni na goma sha biyar (15) kuma sun shigo ne daga yankin Machina wasu kuma daga Katsina, kuma sun Taho ne daga Gabar Kogin SENEGAMBIA wato SENEGAL. sun fara zama ne a Rinde wasu kuma sun Zauna a Jarmari wasu a Marke wasu a Adiyani da Margadu. Kuma ayarinsu ya kasu kashi  biyu Inda wasu suka wuce kasar Kano Karkashin Jagorancin Lamido Usman Kalinwama. A Karni na goma sha Tara (19) Wasu fulanin sun sake shigo Kasar Hadejia daga yankin Machina Karkashin Jagorancin Ardo Abdure Dan Jamdoyi. Kuma ance Kafin suzo Hadejia saida suka zauna a Kankiya ta Jihar Katsina. kuma wadannan fulani suke Sarautar Hadejia har zuwa Yau.

3. MANGAWA:- Kabilar Mangawa ko Barebari wadanda mafi yawancinsu suna zaune a Gabas da Hadejia da kuma Arewacin kasar Sun zo ne A karni na goma sha bakwai (17) sun taho ne daga yankin Borno kuma mafiya yawansu sun zo kasar Hadejia ne Tonon Azurfa da Tagullah. Inda kuma daga baya wasu sun shigo kasar Hadejia a lokacin da RaBe yaci Kukawa da Yaki sai suka kaura suka dawo kasar Hadejia, Kamar Birniwa, Baramusa, Kacallari, Dilmari, Musari, Kirikasamma, Kukadabo, da Sauransu.

4. GIZMAWA:- Gizmawa suma kamar Mangawa sun shigo ne a Karni na goma sha bakwai (17) kuma suma suna zauna ne a yankin Guri, Marma, Lafiya da sauransu kuma suma yarensu kusan kamar barbarci ne sai dai wasu kalmomin da yake canzawa.

5. BADAWA:- Kabilar Badawa basu da yawa a kasar Hadejia, kuma suna zaune ne a Garuruwan Iyakar Hadejia da Bedde, Kamar Gayin, Adiyani, Margadu, da Kadira. wasu sun zauna anan ne tun kafin yakin Gogaram. wasu kuma sunce dama anan suke tuntuni. ganin cewa suna iyaka ne da Kasar Bedde.

6. KOYAMAWA:- Kabilar koyamawa suma basu da yawa kuma dangin Barebari ne, sai dai zanensu ya bambanta. kuma yarensu ma ba iri daya bane. Kuma suna cewa sun taho ne daga Gabas da Sudan. sannan suna zaune ne a Kasar Kafin Hausa, Bulangu, Yayari, koyamari da sauran garuruwan kasar Kafin hausa.

7. TIJJANAI:- Kabilar Tijjanai fulani ne dake zaune a Yelleman kuma Malamai ne masu bin Darikar Tijjaniyya. shi yasa ake ce musu Tijjanai. Sun shigo kasar Hadejia a shekarar 1903 daga Malo a yankin Tukolar Senegal. sun taho ne bayan Turawan Faransa sun yiwa Yankinsu Mulkin Mallaka. sun taho karkashin jagorancin Shugabansu Muhammadu El-Bashir, kuma sun fara zama ne a Lokoja. Magajinsa kuma Ahmadu Madaniyyo sai ya sake tasowa daga Lokoja yazo Kasar Hadejia aka basu Guri suka zauna. wato Yelleman Tijjanai. Alhamdu lillahi.

Ismaila A Sabo

TSARIN ZAMAN JAMA'A DA TATTALIN ARZIKI A KASAR HADEJIYA KAFIN ZUWAN TURAWAN MULKIN MALLAKA.

TSARIN ZAMAN JAMA'A DA TATTALIN ARZIKI A KASAR HADEJIYA KAFIN ZUWAN TURAWAN MULKIN MALLAKA.

Hadejiya tana da kabilu daban-daban, amma duk da haka, masarautar a cure take a waje daya. Addinin Musulunci shi ne ya dada hada su da kuma harshen Hausa wanda suke magana da shi a matsayin harshen kasa. Babu ta baba cewa Addinin Musulunci shi ne Addinin da mafi yawan jama'a suke bi a wannan masarautar ta Hadejiya. Ka'idoji da dokoki da hukunce-hukunce Musulunci su ne suke tafiyar da rayuwa da ayyukan mutanen wannan kasa. Addinin Musulunci ya hada kan jama'a kuma ya samar da hanya madaidaiciya ta zaman al-umma. Ta haka ne Musulmi masu rinjaye da wadanda ba Musulmi ba marasa rinjaye mazauna kasar Hadejiya kafin mulkin mallaka suna ganin sarkin Hadejiya nada mutukar kima kuma shugaba ne babba duk da yake suna da hakimai da dagatai masu jagorancinsu. Mutanen Hadejiya sukan hadu a kowace shekara su gudanar da bukukuwan Sallah karama da Sallah babba a Hadejiya. Ta haka al'ummar Hadejiya take cudanya da juna cikin walwala, farin cikin, nishadi, jindadi da annashuwa da sakin fuska. Kuma bisa dukkan alamu, kabilun da suke zauna a Hadejiya sun shiga juna, za a taras bisa asali, Bahaushe, Bababbare ne, ko Bamange, ko babade, ko kuma bafulatani. Haka dai kabilun Hadejiya suka sarki juna.
Jama'ar da ba Musulmi ba suna karkashin kariya ta wannan masarauta, amma su kuma suna bayar da jizya. Al'adun Hausawa/Fulani Hadejiya suna da babban tasiri na mutanen Gabas wato al'adun Barebari. Akwai misali da yawa da za a iya bayarwa a kan haka, kauki misalin sunayen wasu mukaman sarautu kamar Zangoma da Bulama da Kacallah da Maina (dan Sarki) duka daga wajen Barebari a ka samo su. Hatta ma bikin Sallar maulidi ana gudanar da shi ne dai-dai yadda Barebari suke yi. Ashe ke nan al'adun Barebari sun yi tasiri. (Sulaiman Ginsau )
Kari a kan wadanan kyawawan huldodi na mutanen Hadejiya a tsakanin junansu, tsarin da masarautar ta bi wajen tafiyar da al'amuranta na mulki ya dada kara wannan dankon zuminci. Tun daga farkon kafuwar daular, Sarkin Hadejiya Malam Sambo ya dora kowace kabila daga cikin kabilun kasar a kan wani mukami na sarauta. Wannan tsari da aka ci gaba da aiwatar da shi, ya sanya jama'ar kasar sun zauna a dunkule tamkar tsintsiya domin kowace kabila ta san tana da wakilci a majalissar wannan masarauta.
Ta fuskar tattalin arzikin kasa kuwa, Hadejiya tana da yalwataccen arziki tare da sana'o'i da masana'antu iri-iri, duk da yake harkokin noma sunfi daukar kaso mai yawa. Magidanci shi ne tushen arziki a tsarin zaman jama'a tare da iyalansa a matysayin masu taimakawa. Talakawa sun tsayu sosai wajen yin noma na lokacin damina da noman fadamu a lokacin rani, sannan kuma kamun kifi da kiwo sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin mazauna kasar Hadejiya. Amfanin gonar da aka fi nomawa sun hada da:-
1. Gero
2. Dawa
3. Shinkafa
4. Wake
5. Masara
6. Gyada
7. Auduga
8. Alkama
9. Ridi da Kankana
10. Rake da sauran kayan lambu kamarsu Timatir da Tatttasai da Taruhu da Rake da sauran kayan lanbu ana noma su ne ta hanyar noman fadama a lokacin rani. Kasar Hadejiya, kamar sauran kasashen wannan nahiya, tana da kyakkyawar kasar noma Gero da Kiwon Dabbobi. Har wa yau kuma wannan yanayin wuri ne mai albarka ya ba da damar aiwatar da wasu sana'o'I kamar su Rini da Saka da Kira da Ginin Tukwane da Jima da Dukanci da Gini da sauransu. (Sulaiman Ginsau)
A bangaren saka kuwa kauyen Bangelu wanda yake tsakanin Auyo da Hadejiya ya shahara sosai wajen saka da dinka Rigar Bullamai tare da sauran Rigunan Saki Fari masu inganci. Haka kuma kauyen Hadejia ya yayi suna a sana'ar Rini. Mutanen Hadejiya da suke zaune a daura da kogin Hadejiya sunyi fice a sana'ar Su ta kamun kifi. Haka kuma dajin Hadejiya cike yake da kudan zuma inda ake samun zuma mai tarin yawa. Diban zuma ya zama wata sana'a mai riba ga jama'ar kasar Hadejiya musamman yadda take tallafawa wajen warware matsalolin rayuwar yau da kullum.
Bugu da kari mutanen Hadejiya kamar sauran wurare, sukan sayar da amfanin gona wanda ya yi rara, ta haka suka shiga hada-hadar kasuwancin amfanin gona daga cikin hanyoyin da suka kara habaka Tattalin Arzikin Kasar Hadejiya kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka. Ta wannan hanya masarautar Hadejiya ta zama wata cibiya kuma muhimmiyar mahada ta cinikin kayan amfanin yau da kullum a gabacin kasar Hausa a karni na sha tara (K19). Masarautar ta yi fice wajen fitar da kayayyakin abinci kamar Alkama da Kifi zuwa Kano da wasu wurare, ita kuma sai ta sayo Goro da makamancin abubuwan da masarautar take da bukata. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, mutanen Hadejiya na kasuwancin Rigunan Saki ko Rigunan Fari da Zuma da Kiraga wato (Fatu) da Shanu, su kuma su sayo Gishiri da Dawakai da Kanwa. Ana kuma jin cewa Hadejiya ta zama wata hanya ta fatauci na fataken da suke ratso Sahara zuwa Kano ta yamma da kuma Barebari da Larabawan Fezzan da Azbinawa da Buzaye daga gabas da kuma yamma. Wadannan fataken sukan hadu a kasuwar Hadejiya su gudanar da harkokin cinikayyarsu na kayayyaki kamar Rigunan kano da kanwa da Shanu da Bayi da kayan Yaji (Sulaiman Ginsau).
A wannan lokacin da ake Magana, a Hadejiya akwai manyan kasuwanni guda biyu (2) daya kasuwar an yi ta a wajen ganuwa, an kakkafa rumfunan da kuma masaukai na baki wadanda aka yi don samar da wuraran zama da jin dadin fatake da sauran yan kasuwa. A cikin ganuwa ta birnin Hadejiya akwai wata kasuwa wadda take kula da bukatun mazauna birnin Hadejiya da makwabtanta. Wannan ya nuna cewa bayan kasancewar Hadejiya cibiyar mulkin da ayyukan jin dadi jama'a, haka kuma tana matsayin ingantacciyar cibiya ta kasuwanci. Wannan kasuwa tana karkashin kulawar Zangoma wato Sarkin kasuwa. Zangoma shi ne yake karbar dukkan haraji na wannan kasuwa tare da masu taimka masa.
A dunkule, wannan yayi bayanin Hadejiya a matsayin masarauta ta mulkin jihadi da kuma fito da tsarin zaman jama'arta da tattalin arzikinta kafin mulkin mallaka na turawan ingilashi a kan daular Usmaniyya ta Sakkwato. An kuma nuna cewa a fanning Siya sa, Hadejiya gari ne na 'yan Boko da 'yan siya sa masu yawan gaske kuma Hadejiya garine na kasuwanci wadda hakan ya sa mutane suna zuwa siyan kayayyaki daga gurare daban-daban, sannan masarautace mai karfi a tsakanin masarautun da suke gabacin kasar Hausa, musamman yadda take tsoma baki a harkokin cikin gida na makwabtan ta.
Haka kuma nayi wai-waye ta fuskar tsaro ya bayyana cewa Hadejiya kasace jaruma kuma karshen karni na sha tara (K19) sai ta zama kasa mai kyakkawar huldar dangantaka da zama na lumana da abokan taka da sauran masarautu. (Sulaiman Ginsau)

TSARIN TSARO A KASAR HADEJIA (KAFIN ZUWAN TURAWAN MULKIN MALLAKA)

Tsarin tsaro na masarautar Hadejiya, sarki wato AMIR shi ne shugaban mayaka, sai dai ya kan nada wasu sarakunan yaki wadan da suke shigewa gaba a madadinsa da suka hada da:-
1. Sarkin Yaki
2. Jarma
3. Madaki
4. Sarkin Arewa da sauran mayan mayaka ko sakarunan yaki. Rundunar sarki ta kan kunshi fadawa da masu sarauta da bayi da dogarai da sauran jama'ar gari. Masarautar Hadejiya tana da manyan rukunonin yaki guda biyu (2) wato mayaha doki da 'yan kasa wato (dakaru), Hakika, Hadejiya ta shara ainun ta fuskar yake-yake a na ganin ita ce masarauta mafi karfi a sashen gabas da Kano.

Hadejiya tayi wannan suna ne da jimawa, an san cewa ba kanwar lasa bace a fagen yake-yake. Shaharar ta kara fitowa sarari ne a lokacin Sarki Buhari har zuwa baiyanar Turawa a lokacin sarkin Muhammadu mai Shahada a 1885-1906.

Kamar yadda yake a tsarin masarutar masu jihadi, hakimi da manyan jakadu da dagatai suna tafiyar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a a garuruwansu na mulki. A masarautar Hadejiya akwai wuraren hukunci wato Kotuna guda biyu 1. Kotun Sarki ita ce babbar kotu, kuma ita ce wadda ake daukaka kara zuwa gare ta, sannan akwai 2. Kotun Alkali duk wadannan kotuna suna babban birnin masarautar ne. Kotun Alkali ita ce take kula da shari'u na ma'amala da hudud, amma shari'u kan rikicin kasa ko rikicin iyakoki da haddi wanda ya shafi hukuncin kisa a kotun Sarki ake gudanar da su. Akwai babban gidan Yari a birnin Hadejiya wanda ake amfani da shi a masarautar baki daya.

Dogarai kuwa suna yin ayyuka irin na 'yan sanda suna zama masu kare Sarki da rakiyar masu sarauta idan tafiya ta kama su, har wa yau kuma suna zama jakadu wato masinjoji. Idan aka dubi dangantakar Hadejiya da sauran wurare, kamar huldar Hadejiya da sakkwato, za'aga dangantaka ce ta tsakanin bara da ubangidansa ta hanyar kai gaisuwa da halartar tarukan manyan sarakuna na shekara-shekara da aikawa da mayaka domin taimakawa jahadi.

(A irin wanna taimakon ne masarautar Hadejiya ta tura mayaka inda suka hadu da mayankan Katagun da Misau, sukaje suka yaki Yamusa na Dutse, mai goyon bayan Mahdi. Haka kuma mayakan Hadejiya da Katagum da Gombe da Bauchi da Jama'are da Misau suka yaki Jibril saboda shima yana goyon bayan Mahdi.) Suleiman Ginsau Ruwan Atafi

Ita kuma sakkwato ita ce take tabbatar da zaben sabon sarki a kowa ne lokaci da ake da bukatar yin haka, kuma ita ce mai yin sulhu ko shiga tsakani idan aka sami sabani tsakanin marautar a cikin gida ko a waje. A dunkule, a lokacin da masarautar Hadejiya take kula da al'amuranta na cikin gida, shi ne kuwa Amir al-muminin (Sarkin Musulmi) shi ne mai kulawa da tabbatar da an bi shari'a sau da kafa domin ita ce tushen daular Jahadi ta Sakkwato.

Masarautun da suke gabas Sakkwato Waziri ne idon Sarki Musulmi a harkokinsu, shi ne wakilinsa. Babu shakka dangantakar tsakanin Sakkwato da Hadejiya dangatakace mai danko sosai in ban da lokacin da Sarki Buhari ya yi tawaye.

(A salin tawayen Sarki Buhari rigima ce ta sarauta tsakaninsa da dan uwansa Ahmadu. Ana jin Ahmadu ne masu zaben sabon Sarki suka zaba, amma Buhari ya kwace wannan dama tare da taimakon manyan bayi. Da daular Sakkwato ta sa baki a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi, sai yaki ya barke inda Sarki Buhari ya sami galaba ainun akan rundunar daular Sakkwato wadda ta kunshi mayaka daga Sakkwato da Katagum da Bauchi da Kano da Misau. Amma duk Sarki Buhari yagama dasu, ana yiwa wannan yaki da lakabi da yakin GAMON GAFFUR. Wato a Kaffur aka yi yakin. Daga wannan lokacin ne Sarki Buhari ya bujirewa ikon Sakkwato kuma ya dinga kai wa makwabtanta hari). Suleiman Ginsau Ruwan Atafi

Kuma Da rundunarsa taci galaba a kan rundunar mayakan daular Jahadin Sakkwato, sai ya ture ikon daular na wani lokaci. Dangantakar lumana da kyakkyawar hulda da zaman lafiya su ne kashin bayan dangantakar Hadejiya da sauran masarautu gabanin mulkin mallaka. (Suleiman Ginsau, Ruwan Atafi. 2015)

Short History of Gamon Kafur

Gamon Kafur

Barely a year after Buhari re-entered Hadejia, Sultan Aliyu organised perhaps the most menacing expedition against him. This time virtually all the major Sokoto emirates were involved. Apart from Sokoto itself, there included Zamfara, Zaria, Kano, Katagum, Bauchi, as well as Gombe, Misau and Jama’are. According to some estimates horses alone numbered at least 20,000. The Kanawa
contingents were led by Galadiman Kano Abdullahi. Overall command fell to the Sultan’s strongman, the formidable Wazirin Sokoto, though his was more or less a supervisory role only. Sarkin Miga Umaru was supposed to show the way because he was the one most familiar with the approaches to Hadejia. For all the difference that made, the expedition could as well have been guided by a blind man. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

To be fair, Sarkin Miga cannot be blamed if the
expedition chose to move in a formation that
had always been vulnerable to an ambush. Because once the allied units converged on southern Hadejia, they had formed in solid phalanxes, moving forward in a slow, confident procession towards the capital. Somebody should have told them that that was the sort of thing you don’t do, especially in an area with which you are not thoroughly familiar. Certain units of Federal troops were fond of this type of advance during the Nigerian civil war, and were made to pay dearly by relatively ill-equipped Biafra's. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

The allied expedition confident – indeed over-
confident – in its numbers was oblivious to any
imminent danger. They had anticipated that they
will not meet any real opposition till they reached
the Hadejia walls, and once there had no doubts
whatsoever that they could squash any opposition Buhari could muster. How wrong they were.
Because, as it turned out, Buhari did not stay to
be surrounded in his capital, but intercepted the
expedition forces at Kaffur village, six miles from
Hadejia. The eventual victory of Buhari at this
decisive battle owes, more than any other thing
else, to the fact that he was the one who picked
the field of battle. And his choice of the Kaffur
terrain amply demonstrated his military genius.
Movie buffs are familiar with scenes in old
westerns, where a number of Indians have
suddenly appeared on a ridge dominating a plain
over which certain cowboys have pitched their
tents. To the helpless cowboys the Indians
always seemed to materialize from nowhere, and
their numbers likewise invariably appear more
than is actually the case. Taskar Suuleiman Ginsau.

At Kaffur Buhari had, very much like an Indian
War Chief, quietly slipped his men into position
along a high ridge overlooking a broad plain
containing the expedition forces. He then had his
maroka drum out his well-known arrival tune to
the “unorganised mass of soldiery” according
to Victor Law resting below. What ensued was
pandemonium. Barden Rinde Muhammadu vividly
described the resulting melee: “On hearing the drum beat, Galadiman Kano’s army began to flee. Instead of bridling their horses’ fronts they bridled their tails. All was confusion as they attempted to save their lives. No one stood his ground.” In the subsequent rout that followed the general confusion, a number of prominent casualties were recorded. A son of Sarkin Zaria and three of Sarkin Kano were killed, as were seventeen sons of various Kano sarakuna. The Sultan himself lost a grandson. As for the Waziri, we was reportedly seen riding at full rein and would later surface at Shira town, some seventy miles from Kaffur.

The Reign of Sarkin Hadejia Muhammadu Buhari Dan Sambo (1848-1850, 1851-1863).

The Reign of Muhammadu Buhari Sambo (1848-1850, 1851-1863).

In the year 1848, Sultan Aliyu of Sokoto
sanctioned the selection and installation of
Muhammadu Buhari as the 4th Emir of Hadejia.
This approval by the Sultan though important
was not in fact essential: Buhari would have
installed himself even had the Sultan vetoed the
idea. As it were, Buhari was turbaned at Hadejia
by the Sultan’s envoy and second-in-command,
the Waziri of Sokoto. And thus began the reign of
the most controversial figure the Emirate, if not
the Caliphate, had ever produced. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau.

Buhari was and still remains a different thing to
different people. He is one of those figures about
whom it is impossible to be neutral: one either
detests them, or adores them. To his detractors,
Buhari was ruthless, a rebel and an infidel to
boot; while to his supporters he was a great
administrator, a superb general and a progressive leader who numbered among his closest advisers persons of servile origin. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau.

Succession:-

Whatever else may be said about the man, it has to be admitted that on the issue of succession, Buhari had a valid claim to the throne. Just what was the reason which made Sambo attempt to by-pass Buhari and oft for the junior brother, Ahmadu, as the Emir designate will never be known. But going by past precedents, the attempted change in the normal though unwritten rule of succession was quite unfair to the elder son.
When Sambo, Buhari’s father, came to the throne
in 1808, he appointed his eldest son, Garko, as
chiroman Hadejia and thus by tradition heir
apparent. In 1845 Sambo, already a septuagenarian, abdicated his throne and
appointed Garko Emir. He then offered the post
of Chiroma to his second son, Abdulkadir. A few
years later Garko died. So it was a
straightforward issue, and in keeping with
traditional rules, for Sambo, still very much alive,
to crown Abdulkadir Emir, and to appoint his
third son, Buhari, as Chiroma and thus the Emir-
in-waiting. Taskar Sginsau

As it happened the waiting was to be very brief
indeed, for Abdulkadir too died only after a few
months. Fate itself seemed to be making Buhari’s ascension to the Hadejia throne quite smooth and easy. But Sambo decided to go against fate, and now the troubles began.
Quite inexplicably, and against all established
rules of succession, Sambo decided that Ahmadu, Buhari’s junior brother, was to be the new Emir. To this effect he sent a message from his Camp David-styled retreat, at Mairakumi, summoning Ahmadu to come and receive some charms, which will ensure that he prevailed as
Emir over his rival, Buhari.
Unfortunately for the designs of the aged king-
maker, one of the Jakadiyas privy to the
summons was sympathetic to the cause of
Buhari and took no time in passing on the vital
intelligence to the necessary quarters. Always a
man of action, Buhari took the initiative.
Buhari now latched on to the privileged
information to hatch his own counter deceptive
plan. In the ensuing saga which unfolded, and in
subsequent years, he would show not the
slightest hesitation in employing deceit whenever
necessary, to achieve his goals. “The fact is,”
wrote Nicolo Machiavelli, “a man who wants to
act virtuously in every way comes to grief among
so many who are not virtuous.” Like a true
Machiavellian Prince, Buhari was on occasions
definitely not virtuous.
So when he learnt of Sambo’s plan the crown
Prince arrived just ahead of the hour set for
Ahmadu’s visit. Since Sambo was by then
virtually blind, all Buhari had to do was to add to
his other accomplishments the art, or rather act,
of voice mimicry. And this he did so successfully
as to convince Sambo that it was Ahmadu
speaking. Thus Buhari was able to secure the
important formula, which supposedly confirmed
him as the Emir of Hadejia.
Buhari’s Rule Having established his rule, Buhari
set about expanding his realm. It is true that his
approach to this was less than tactful, but then
expansionism was not a business for the
diplomatically inclined.
His first targets were the towns in the Hadejia-
Machina frontier which, with the aid of Sarkin
Misau, he subdued. Then he turned southwards
and invaded the wealthy region of Miga with the
armed support of Shehu Umar of Bornu. Miga,
incidentally, was the town where Buhari as a
child learnt the recital of the holy Qu’ran………….
At Miga a counter-expeditionary force said to
have included some 10,000 horses, was
marshalled against Buhari, but were all put to
flight by him. This emboldened him to carry out
his attacks deeper and deeper into the east Kano
Emirate until at one point, according to the
German traveller Heinrich Barth, he marched as
far as the Kano town walls.
Much closer home, Buhari stationed two of his
ranking officers, the Mabudi and Jarma of
Hadejia, at Kafin Hausa and Dakayyawa,
respectively. Their orders were to carry out
regular offensive raids along the Miga-Jahun
countryside. Such constant harassment of course
had the effect of seriously curtailing both farming
and grazing in the affected areas: it is a very
rare farmer indeed (or animal) that will stay put
while some characters are constantly throwing
nasty missiles all around. As a result, famine
ensued in the Miga-Jahun complex.
This resulting famine might not be altogether
fortuitous. It may well be that Buhari had
calculated that he could achieve his goal of
bringing Kano Emirate to the negotiating table
through a deliberate policy of starving her
subjects – the sort of policy which the late
Awolowo advocated against the Biafrans over a
century later. If that was indeed his plan, Buhari
succeeded admirably. For barely five years of
intimidation later, in about 1857, Buhari and
Sarkin Kano Abdullahi reached an agreement that
ceded to Hadejia a number of towns on their
common boundary.
Now Buhari began to incur the displeasure of
Sultan Aliyu Babba. To be sure, there had never
been any love lost between the duo: after all, the
Sultan would rather have had any of the other
two rivals of Buhari, namely Ahmadu and Nalara,
as the Emir of Hadejia. In fact, it was the
execution of Sarkin Auyo Nalara by Buhari on
charges of disloyalty to the crown, which finally
persuaded the Sultan to take a decisive step to
punish the erring Emir. In view of the eventual
dismal failure of the intended penalty, he should
not have bothered.
To be fair to the Sultan, before resorting to the
use of force he did try to peacefully mediate
between Buhari and Nalara, even to the extent of
summoning both to his presence at Sokoto. The
rivalry was inevitably because of Nalara’s
increasingly assertive claim to the crown. His
claim was by virtue of the fact that he was the
first son of Yusufu, the junior brother of Sambo.
But as any impartial observer will adjudicate,
Buhari had a far stronger claim. So the Sultan
made what he thought was a permanent
conciliation between the rivals, and was
infuriated to learn later that it was nothing of the sort. But by then, of course, it was rather too
late.
The man to whom fell the unenviable task of
bringing the supposedly recalcitrant Emir to
order was the very man who, ironically, had been
the major supporter of Buhari’s succession
within the Sultan’s inner circles – the Waziri of
Sokoto. However, the Waziri of Sokoto was not
the type of man to be worried by ironical twists.
Once he had his orders from “the commander of
the faithful” the Waziri would just as easily slay
a man as turban him. Just what exactly were the
precise orders the Waziri received as regards
Buhari is still a matter of speculation. But he
went about carrying them out with the
seriousness of a loyal and devoted general.
Waziri Abdulkadir first landed in kano and picked
up a force of Kanawa military. Under ordinary
circumstances a Sultan’s delegation would go
straight from Kano to Hadejia. But this was an
extraordinary mission, and so the Waziri headed
for Katagum instead. It was to this alleged
neutral ground that the Waziri now, rather
disingenuously, invited Buhari to join him for
“consultations”.
Any reader of present day thrillers can easily see
the net of intrigue about to be woven here. But
possibly because Buhari did not read thrillers, or
more likely because he felt confident enough to
handle any eventualities that might arise, he
accepted the invitation. As an insurance he
arrived outside the gates of Katagum with a
large column, which included all his central
government officials and many loyal sarakuna.
From there he sent word to Waziri within, that he was ready to negotiate.
But the Waziri insisted on meeting inside
Katagum, claiming that he had a message from
the Sultan. Buhari reluctantly agreed, and got
ready to enter through one of the city gates. Had
he succeeded in doing so, he probably would not
have emerged alive. As it happened, a timely
intervention by one of Buhari’s praise-singers,
Dan Fatima, probably saved his life. “Garba, in
ka shiga,” he exhorted, “ka gaida min Nalara da
Sarkin Dutse Bello.” This rather poignant warning
was enough to make Buhari turn back and, with
his army, head back for his capital.
At this point a section of Katagumawa came into
the act in a somewhat chaotic manner. Infuriated
by the fact that Buhari had refused to “confer”
with the Waziri, the mob followed Buhari as he
moved down the road, shouting “coward”,
“pagan” and other insulting names at him, and
even killing a few of the rearguard. Acts of
hooliganism, it would seem, are not the
monopoly of British soccer fans alone.
Buhari may have departed, but he left behind a
seething Waziri who was yet to accomplish his
mission. Almost immediately he rallied a mixed
army of Kano and Katagum troops and advanced
on Hadejia, forcing Buhari and his nearest
followers to flee northwards to Machina.
Subsequently, the Waziri installed Ahmadu as the
new Emir of Hadejia. Now mission completed, the
Waziri returned to Kano.
Even at this point Buhari did not despair of
peace with the Sultan, for he still sent peace
offers to the Waziri in Kano. However, all his
overtures were summarily rejected.
well-known chronicler and a contemporary of
Buhari, ventured that the Waziri was bribed by
Kano sarakuna to fight Buhari rather than accept
his peace overtures.
Meanwhile Buhari had moved out of Machina
towards Hadejia, with a much larger following.
He encamped near the capital and showed a
curious reluctance to enter it. He would, at will,
attack all surrounding areas but leave Hadejia
town itself alone.

The History of Hadejia Emirs 1805-1906

The History of Hadejia Emirs 1805-1906

1. Umaru Bin Abdure, 1788 - 1808

Umaru bin Abdure was the first Sarkin Fulanin
Haɗejia. He was appointed by Sarkin Haɗejia
Abubakar, the last Habe ruler of Kasar Haɗejia. Umar was credited with planning and leading the Jihad in Haɗejia-Auyo territories. He actually cleared the ground and laid the foundation for Haɗejia Emirate. He did that by the authority of the leader of the jihad movement in Hausa land, Shehu Usman Danfodio, who sent him a flag via his brother Muhammadu Sambo. Umaru, who theoretically could be regarded as the first flag bearer in Haɗejia, died at Rinde in 1808.

2. Mamman Kankiya, 1808-1808

Sarki Umaru was succeeded by his eldest son Mamman Kankiya. Sarkin Haɗejia Mamman Kankiya did not live long, but died a few months after and in the same year he was appointed.

3. Malam Sambo Digimsa, 1808-1845

With the death of Umar bin Abdure and his short-lived successor, Mamman Kankiya in 1808, the mantle of Haɗejia’s leadership fell on the shoulders of Malam Muhammadu Sambo Digimsa, the person who three years earlier led the bay’a delegation to the Shehu. The Shehu therefore approved his appointment. With Sambo’s assumption of office, the emirate of Haɗejia formally came into being. He was the real founder of the emirate, from whom sprang all the successive Emirs to this day. It was Sambo who made Haɗejia the capital of the emirate when he moved there from Rinde together with his patriots and members of his family. On entering the town from one gate in 1810, Abubakar, the Hausa Chief, and some of his followers moved out of the town from the opposite gate, later settling just outside the eastern gate at a place called Fantai. Emir Sambo thereby made Haɗejia his capital. He enlarged the town and constructed the Haɗejia city wall (Maigari, unp). Also, Sambo was credited with the building of a Friday mosque in Haɗejia and the appointment of an Imam from among the learned Ulama in the town. Sambo made some key appointments of masu sarauta such as Chiroma, Galadima, and Madaki among others. There is no doubt that Sambo was responsible for the final collapse of the Hausa sarauta system in Haɗejia and the establishment of the Fulani emirate government. (Taskar Suleiman Ginsau)

4. Garko bin Sambo, 1845-1847

In 1845, Sambo abdicated the emirship of Haɗejia due to ill-health and old age after a long reign of thirty seven years, and retired to Mairakumi. With the approval of Caliph Aliyu Babba (1842-59), Sambo appointed his eldest son Mahammadu Garko in 1845 to succeed him as the new Emir of Haɗejia. Emir Garko‘s reign was as short as it was uneventful. He died two years later in 1847.

5. Abdulkadir bin Sambo, 1847-1848

As soon as Emir Garko died in 1847, Sambo sought for another permission from Sokoto to appoint chiroma Abdulkadir (Kade) as the new Emir of Haɗejia. Approval was given and Abdulkadir was installed to succeed Garko. One year after his accession to the throne Emir Abdulkadir died in 1848. His reign, like that of his predecessor, was short but, unlike it, was tumultuous, with desperat fighting between Haɗejia, Machina and Damagaram.(Taskar Suleiman Ginsau). It is said that Sambo then returned to the throne after the death of Abdulkadir in order to ensure the appointment of Ahmadu as the new emir of Haɗejia, as opposed to Chiroma Garba Buhari, who, as Chiroma, was the heir apparent, and much more popular than Ahmadu, but was perceived by his father as too troublesome and dangerous to be allowed on the throne.

6. Buhari bin Sambo, 1848-50 &1851-1863

Abubakar Buhari bin Muhammad Sambo Digimsa was the 4 th Emir of Haɗejia in the post Jihad years. His reign was the most turbulent and indeed best remembered in the history of Haɗejia. Sambo died in 1848, and Buhari, at the death bed of his father, schemed to get all the instruments of power transferred to him rather than to Ahamadu whom Sambo favoured to become the Emir after his death.
Although Buhari succeeded to the Emirship of Haɗejia by default, his accession was subsequently approved by Sokoto. No sooner had Buhari assumed the Emirship of Haɗejia than he had his cousin, Nalara Sarkin Auyo, killed – a cruel act which gave authorities in Sokoto the grounds they had been looking for to remove Buhari from the throne. 
Consequently in 1850, having failed to remove Buhari via diplomatic means, the Caliph ordered the Wazirin Sokoto, backed by forces from Katagum, to install Buhari’s brother, Ahamadu, as the new Emir of Haɗejia Emirate, by force if necessary. 

Ahamadu was thus installed in 1850, and Buhari retired to Machina area only to bounce back a year later. In 1851, after mobilizing considerable forces and resources, Buhari returned to Haɗejia to confront his brother. Ahamadu’s forces, even with the backing of a contingent from Katagum, were routed by Buhari outside Haɗejia, and Ahamadu was killed in the battlefield without much difficulty. Buhari thus resumed the Emirship of Haɗejia against the will of the authorities in Sokoto. This act marked the beginning of the Buhari revolt. (Taskar Suleiman Ginsau). 

For fifteen Buhari remained a rebel, and pulled Haɗejia Emirate out of the Caliphate, defying all attempts to get the Emirate back into the Caliphate fold. One of the most notable acts of defiance of Buhari against the Sokoto authorities was the encounter at Kaffur village. In 1853, the Caliphate organized the most elaborate expedition against Buhari in order to once and for all put a stop to his increasingly rebellious behaviour. All the major emirates of the Caliphate were drafted into this endeavour which had by then assumed an air of desperation. 

Apart from Sokoto itself, there were contingents from Zaria, Kano, Katagum, Bauchi, as well as Gombe, Misau and Jama’are. The force, which was one of the largest ever to be assembled to quell an internal rebellion within the Caliphate, rendezvoused in Kano from where it moved on Haɗejia, camping at Kaffur village about ten 10k kilometers south of Haɗejia town. However, Buhari did not stay around to be besieged in his palace, but instead intercepted the contingent and launched a surprise attack against it. The allied forces of the Caliphate were comprehensively defeated in a battle that was something of a “walkover” for Buhari and a seriousembarrassment and set back to the Caliphate. In fact, a 19 th century Kano historian referred to the battle of Kaffur as the origin of Haɗejia’s greatness, “as from then onwards Haɗejia was renowned in war”. That encounter further underlined Buhari’s independence, with Haɗejia remaining outside the control of the Caliphate and becoming an expansionist military power in the eastern part of the Caliphate till 1863 when Buhari died in a campaign against Bedde land (for details see Ruwan Atafi Ginsau S.). Some of the areas which suffered from Buhari’s incessant raids included Miga, Kwanda, Sankara, Ringim and Gabasawa in Kano emirate, as well as several villages in Katagum, Misau, Jama’are, and Gumel territories. (Taskar Suleiman Ginsau)

7. Ahamadu bin Sambo, 1850-1851

Ahamadu was the seventh emir of Haɗejia in the Fulani dynasty. As indicated above he was installed by Sokoto after Buhari was forced to withdraw from the emirate. His reign was very short and unsettled as the looming threat of Buhari never allowed him to have the required tranquillity to contribute to the development of the emirate. In 1851 Buhari fought his way back to the Haɗejia throne, ending both the reign and life of Ahmadu in the process.

8. Umaru bin Buhari, 1863-1865

With the death of Buhari at the battle field, his son Umaru became the seventh Fulani ruler of Haɗejia at the tender age of 18. He assumed the emirship with the active support of Sarkin Arewa Tatagana and Sarkin Yakin Haɗejia Jaji, the two most powerful and trusted slave officials of Buhari. (Taskar Suleiman Ginsau). The Caliph in Sokoto approved his appointment in a desperate move to get Haɗejia back to the Caliphate fold. Umaru reigned for two years only. But those were eventful years indeed. Haru, his uncle, had his eye on the throne, and was secretly plotting against Emir Umaru. Tatagana and Jiji, Umaru’s most loyal and powerful supporters, were first eliminated as part of the grand plot to get Umaru deposed. Subsequently, when Umaru went out on one of his usual pleasure rides to the Haɗejia river side, he was deserted by a conspiratorial entourage and refused entry back into Haɗejia town. Umaru made good his escape to Kano emirate; he took refuge in chamo, Kano Emirate, where he lived for the rest of his life, and died in 1920. (Taskar Suleiman Ginsau)

9. Haru bin Sambo, 1865-1885

With the successful removal of Umaru from power, Haru ( Babba ) assumed the emirship of Haɗejia. Haru reigned for 20 years, during which he introduced many far reaching changes in the emirate. He enlarged the wall of Haɗejia town to its present size. He pursued a policy of Islamization of the emirate by opening schools and inviting the Ulama (Islamic Scholars) from other emirates. He was even said to have been in the habit of intercepting many scholars on their way to the holy land and persuading them to settle in Haɗejia, in a bid to spread Islamic education. He was also credited with the re-construction of a much bigger Friday mosque in Haɗejia town. In the socio-economic sphere, Emir Haru pursued a policy which attracted foreign traders into Haɗejia markets. He did that by levying lower import duties on certain imports. He waged jihad wars against non-Muslims areas of Kare-Kare and Bade country, leading to the conquest and subsequent incorporation of the border town of
Adiani to Haɗejia emirate. Also, it was during Haru’s reign that the incessant conflicts between Haɗejia and Gumel came to an end with a full blown war at the battle of Zaburam in 1872, in which Sarkin Gumel Abdu Jatau was killed. This success brought to an end the hitherto frequent Haɗejia-Gumel wars. Haru died in 1885.(Taskar Suleiman Ginsau)

10. Muhammadu bin Haru, 1885-1906

Haru was succeeded by his eldest son Muhammadu, who previously held the titles of Chiroma and Sarkin Marma. Muhammadu, popularly known as Maishahada was an Islamic scholar and a warrior king who spent most part of his reign fighting wars and battles. His militaristic policies were likened to that of Emir Buhari. He organized and personally led many battles, including six battles fought in Kare-Kare and Badde country; intervened in the Kano and Katagum civil wars; forcefully seized two neighbouring districts of Kano Emirate, namely Miga and Kwanda, and held them till the British conquest of Haɗejia, when they were returned to Kano. Finally, he confronted the British forces militarily in the defence of his Emirate. He was killed in the ensuing battle with theBritish in 1906. (Taskar Suleiman Ginsau)

HADEJIA TOWN WALLS AND GATES

HADEJIA TOWN WALLS AND GATES

"Hadejia was a large town with 5 town
gates and excellent walls about 30ft
(9.14m) high, and 30ft (9.14m) thick
" (Captain Philips 1909).

Hadejia Town walls had a long history
dating back to the pre-jihad period. The walls were built to provide security to the people, and to serve as fortification against external invasion.
Though mostly in ruins now, with a great proportion having completely disappeared, the walls were intact up to the time of the colonial invasion in 1906. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau.

The construction of the walls was done by direct labour using local building materials. Over the years, the walls have been taken subjected to several phases of development. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

Expansions and reinforcements were made to accommodate a growing population or to enhance security against attack by powerful enemies.
The walls were invariably complimented by gates whose history could be linked to that of the walls. The gates provided the only entry points into the town. They were made extremely strong, thus making it very difficult for an enemy force to break into the town through them. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

The gates were manned by gate- keepers or porters (sarakunan kofa) appointed by the Emir. These keepers used to close the gates everyday from dusk to dawn, thus controlling the movement of people in and out of the town during these periods. Visitors or strangers were not allowed in unless with the express permission of the Emir. It was reported that one Emir ordered the gates to be left open permanently, confident that no enemy force would dare attack the town. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

The first town wall in Hadejia was believed to have been built during the pre-jihad period. Though the exact date of its construction cannot be determined due to lack of proper records, its perimeter is marked by certain well-known local pits: Mai kilabo in the west, Atafi in the south, and Dallah in the East. It was said to be one mile in circumference, and had four gates. The second wall was built by Sarki Sambo in the early years of the Jihad. It was wider than the previous wall, with its perimeter approximately put at 2 miles 170 yards. It had 5 gates. The present wall, which was the third, was also built during Sambo's reign. It was built at a time when Hadejia was at the centre of a bitter rivalry between Sokoto caliphate and Borno Empire. As such it was much stronger and wider than the previous walls. An extension to this wall was later made on the Eastern side during the reign of Sarki Haruna (1865 -1885) encompassing a large space to harbor fugitives from surrounding villages in times of war. The Habe settlement of Fantai, which hitherto was outside the wall, also became sheltered in the new extension. This brought the wall to its present size of 4miles 135yards, with 5 gates, namely:
1. Kofar Gabas (also known as Kofar
Gwani).
2. Kofar Arewa.
3. Kofar Yamma
4. Kofar Kyalesu (also Known as Kofar
Kogi).
5. Kofar Mandara (also known as
Kofar Talata).

Apart from the Kofar Mandara gate, which was destroyed by the British in their attempt to gain entry into Hadejia town in 1906, the other gates are still standing in their original positions. They have, however, undergone several modifications over the years, the latest being in1985 which saw the total re-construction of Kofar Arewa and Kofar Yamma. The Hadejia town gates now stand as historical monuments rather than as security outposts.

MAKADAN FADA/SARAUTA

MAKA'DAN FADA/SARAUTA

Makad'an fada ko sarauta su ne wad'anda ke tsare kid'ansu ko wak'ok'insu ga wani basarake guda a matsayin ubangida. Sukan rayu ga yi wa shi wannan basarake wak'a ko dai wani amininsa, bisa izininshi. Taskar Suleiman Ginsa

Basaraken duk da ya rik'i wani makad'i a matsayin mawak'insa na fada, to fa shi ne ci da sha; sutura da muhalli; da duk wasu nauyaye-nauyayen wannan makad'i. Haka nan kuma mafi akasarin makad'an fada gadon kid'a suka yi a masarautar da suka taso, wato abin nufi sun gaji yi wa masarautar kid'a ne daga mahaifansu ko kakanninsu, har abin ya zo gare su. Misali Alhaji Musa 'Dankwairo ya gaji yi wa Sarkin 'Kayar Maradun kid'a ne daga babanshi.Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

A wasu lokutan kuma mawak'an na canjin ubangida ko basarake, ko dai don ya daina yi musu abubuwan da aka lisafta a baya; ko kuma saboda hango wani na sama da shi; ko kuma don wani dalili na k'ashin kai. Taskar Suleiman Ginsau

KAYAN KI'DIN MAKA'DAN FADA:

Kamar yadda kowane rukunin makad'a a Hausa ke da kayan kid'ansu na musamman, makad'an fada ma na da nasu; wad'anda suka fi yawan tu'ammuli da su. Daga ciki akwai:-
1. Tambari
2. Taushi
3. Jauje
4. Banga
5. Kotso
6. Algaita
7. Kakaki.

Bari mu d'auki wad'annan d'aya bayan d'aya mu yi tak'aitaccen bayani a kansu.

TAMBARI :-
Shi dai wannan wani abin kid'i ne mai girman gaske, ga amo mai kai wa nisan uwa duniya, (Watak'il hakan ta sa Hausawa ke kuranta shi da,''Tambari a ji ka sama'u''.) Ana yin sa da fatar ruk'ak'k'en taure ko kuma bajimin sa ko dai makamntanta.

Ana iya cewa a duk kayan kid'an makad'an fada, to tambari ne gaba da su, domin shi ba a kad'awa kowa sai basarake, shi ma sai 'Sarkin Yanka' da kad'an daga cikin amintattun hakiman masarauta.

TAUSHI :-
Wannan abin kid'a yana kama da akushi a siffa. Ana rufe samarshi da fata a rink'a duka yana fitar da sauti. Shi ma yana daga cikin kayan kid'an makad'an fada.

KOTSO :-
Fasalin kalangu gare shi, sai dai shi baki d'aya ne ake rufewa da fata, a rink'a buga shi da tafin hannu; ba tare da mabugi ba.

JAUJE :-
Yana kama da kalangu sosan gaske, domin kuwa ana rufe duk 6angarorinshi biyu da fata, a kuma buga shi da mabugi irin na kalangun.

BANGA :-
Kamar siffar gwangwani yake, a rufe da fata. Shi ma da hannu ake buga shi.

ALGAITA :-
Tana daga abin busawa da ke fitar da sauti mai ziza. Gajera ce; ba ta kai kakaki tsawo ba.

KAKAKI :-
Wani abin busawa ne mai k'ara da ziza sosai wanda ya lunka na algaita. Ana busa shi da baki, haka kuma yana da tsawo k'warai da gaske; wani ma ya fi mai busa shi tsayi.

SUTURAR MAKA'DAN FADA :
Duk inda makad'in fada yake za a iske shi yana shiga ta k'asaita da alfarma. Ba su yarda da saka sutura wacce ba ta isa ba, saboda kasancewarsu a gidan wadata da taskokin suturu. Sukan yi ado da manyan riguna da hulunan dara ko zanna ko k'ube, wasu lokutan ma har da rawani sukan nad'a.

JIGOGIN WAK'OK'IN MAKA'DAN FADA :

Masana sun fito da jigogi da dama na wa'ko'kin makad'an fada, amma manya daga ciki su ne:
1. Tarihi
2. Zuga
3. Yabo
4. Habaici
5. Zambo

A nan za mu d'auki wa'kar Alhaji Musa 'Dankwairo ta Sarkin Gombe, Shehu Na-abba don fito da wad'ancan jigogi daga cikinta.

TARIHI :
Makad'an Fada na da hikima ta sak'a tarihi a cikin mafi yawancin wa'ko'kinsu. Za a ji su suna ta rattabo wasu abubuwajen tarihi da suka shafi masarautar da suke yi wa wa'ka. A wannan wa'ka ga abin da 'Dankwairo ke cewa:
"...Yadda Buba Yero yai Sarki,
Kai ma ka zamà Sarkin Gombe,
Kai Allah yab bai wa k'asar nan.
Yadda Sarki Sule yai Sarki,
Kai ma ka zamà Sarkin Gombe,
Kai Allah yab bai wa kasar nan.
Yadda K'wairanga yai Sarki,
Kai ma ka zamà Sarki Gombe,
Kai Allah yab bai wa 'kasar nan.
Yadda Hassan yai Sarki Gombeee,
Kai ma ka zamà Sarki Gombe,
Kai Allah yab bai wa 'kasar nan..."
Har zuwa wurin da yake cewa,
"...Kamar Sarki Abubakar, shekara tai arba'in da takwas yana mulki 'kasar Gombe, fata mu kai ka nunkaaa,
Shehu don kai ad da halin Abubakar..."

Za mu ci gaba... a kashi na Biyu

Suleiman Ginsau ANA