HADEJIA EMIRATE BY VICTOR N. LOW.

HADEJIA.

Before the Fulani Conquest at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the country now known as the Hadejia Emirate was composed of seven separate kingdoms, whose chiefs received their titles from, and owed allegiance to the Kado Galadima of Bornu.

These were:
1. Auyo
2. Hadejia
3. Garin Gabbas (Mabudi)
4. Gatarwa (Sarkin Dawaki)
5. Kazure (Sarkin Arewa)
6. Fagi (Sarkin Arewa)
7. Dawa (Chiroma)

One authority says that the most ancient and important was Auyo, said to have been founded in 1400 by a Bagarmi named Auyo, whose brothers Tashe and Shirra are reputed to have founded Tashena and Shirra (in Katagum) at the same time.

Another authority gives pride of place to Garin Gabbas which, it is said, was originally called Biram. The well-known legend is that Biram was the father of the Hausa States (see Kano section) and one of the Hausa Bakwai. A story goes that the town was founded by Arabs from Bagdad. One Muhtari, or Bayajidda, came from the East until he reached Bornu (Kukawa) 3649 Kado Dynasty restored ; Mallam Musa Abdurrahman (1911) Hadejia originally compose of seven kingdoms under Bornu Auyo Garin Gabbas (Biram).

HADEJIA

where the reigning chief gave Muhtari his daughter in marriage. Muhtari subsequently went to Daura (where he slew the fetish and married the queen), but on the way his Bornu wife gave birth to a son called Biram, who founded the town. Yet another version says that Muhtari’s younger brother was called Biram and that he founded the town.
The present chief of Garin Gabbas claims descent from this Arab family. There is a tradition that Hadejia was founded by a Kanuri hunter named Hadejia, who came from Machina, and was the first of a long line of kings (32).

Umaru Towards the end of the eighteenth century a certain Fulani cattle owner named Umaru settled close to Hadejia and succeeded in obtaining the title of Sarkin Fulanin Hadejia. His father had originally come from Machina, and settled at Jar-mari, a few miles north of Hadejia.

The On hearing the news of the jihad (1805), Umaru at once sent jihad his brother Sambo to the Shehu for a flag and the Kado King Abubakar submitted without delay. Within a few months Auyo, Gatarwa, Garin Gabbas, and Kazure had submitted to Umaru, while the two remaining kingdoms of Fagi and Dawa were given by the Shehu to Laraima, a cousin of Umaru, who styled himself Sarkin Marma.

Sambo In 1808 Umaru was allowed to transfer his title to his son 1808 Mamman Kankiya, but within the year both father and son died. Umaru’s brother Sambo succeeded and from him have sprung all subsequent Emirs of Hadejia.

In 1810 he moved from Umaru’s residence at Rinde, just outside the northern gate of the town, and took up his residence in Hadejia town itself, which he considerably enlarged. On his entry the Habe inhabitants left the town and settled outside the eastern gate (Fantai).

Sambo After a comparatively peaceful reign of thirty-seven years abdicates Sambo abdicated in favour of his eldest son, Garko, who died two years later (1847). His brother Abdulkadiri, who succeeded him, himself died within a few months, to be followed almost at once by his aged father.
It is recorded in the Kano Chronicle that the son of the Sarkin Machina came to Kano in the reign of Yakubu (1452-63), and was made chief of Hadejia with the title of Sarkin Gabbas.

HADEJIA

Sambo’s third son, the Chiroma Buhari, now succeeded to the ‘sarauta’ against the dying wish of his father, who had nominated his fourth son, Ahmadu. Buhari proved to be a bold and cruel ruler. One of his first acts was to have the Sarkin Auyo assassinated. The Sarkin Musulmi, Aliu Babba, sent word to have him deposed, but Buhari refused to listen. On the approach of the Katagum forces, under the Waziri of Sokoto, Buhari retired with his followers, and Ahmadu was installed as Emir (1850).

Having defeated the Sarkin Machina, Buhari returned to Hadejia (rein-forced by the Shehu of Bornu ) who was quite ready to put a spoke in the Sokoto wheel. He routed the Katagum forces, and put Ahmadu to death (1851).

Having now openly defied and thrown off all semblance of allegiance to Sokoto, he proceeded to enrich himself by a series of raids and expeditions on all sides. Marma was captured after tunnelling under the walls and became part of Hadejia, thus bringing the Emirate to its present size. Buhari died in 1863 in an unsuccessful expedition against the Badawa at Gworgworam. His reign furnishes a remarkable record of combined courage and ruthlessness.

Buhari was succeeded by his son Umaru, despite the strong protests of Buhari ’s brothers, one of whom, Haru, eventually succeeded in obtaining a sufficiently strong backing to force Umaru to abdicate.

Haru reigned nearly twenty years (1865-85). He defeated and killed the Sarkin Gumel at Zaburan in 1872, but did not fare so well against Ningi nor against the Badawa, who severely de-feated him at Gworgworam.

Haru was succeeded by his son Muhammadu (1885-1906). Most of his reign, like that of his predecessors, was spent in fighting. After the Kano civil war of 1893, although he had rendered no support, he pretended that he had been promised Miga and Kwanda and promptly annexed them by force. He was killed in 1906 while defending Hadejia against the British.

It is said that Buhari impersonated Ahmadu at his father’s death-bed and thus wrongfully obtained his father’s blessing.

The Sarkin Musulmi appointed Tukur after Ahmadu’s death, but he never dared to assert his claim.  They were returned to Kano on the British occupation in 1903. Buhari succeeds (1848) He is deposed {1850) but returns (.1851)
Umaru {1863-5)
Haru {1865- 85)
Muhammadu {1885- 1906)
Haruna (1906-9)
Abdul-kadiri (1909- 25)
Usuman (1925 to date)

HADEJIA

Haruna, his son, a very quiet man, was appointed to succeed him, and on his death in 1909 his son, Abdulkadiri, who was then only a youth, was appointed Emir. In 1925 Abdulkadiri died, and was succeeded by his brother Usuman.

           “THE EMIRS OF HADEJIA”

Hardo Abdure of Machina

(1) Umaru 1805-08
(2) Mamman Kankiya 1808
(3) Sambo 1808-45
(4) Garko 1845-7 
(5) Abdulkadiri 1847-8
(6) Buhari 1848-50, and 1851-1863
(7) Ahmadu 1850-1
(8) Umaru 1863-1865
(9) Haru 1865-85
(10) Muhammadu  1885-1906
(11) Haruna 1906-9
(12) Abdulkadiri 1909-25
(13) Usuman 1925- date.

Posted by Ismaila A Sabo

History of Muri By Victor N. Low

Muri is a town and traditional emirate in the northwestern Taraba State of eastern Nigeria, approximately between 9 and 11 40 E. and 7 10 and 9 40 N. The Benue River is nearby, and the portion on the southern bank of the river is watered by streams flowing from the Cameroon region to the Benue. In 1991, the town was estimated to have a population of 56,570. The valley of the Benue has a climate generally unhealthy to Europeans but there are places in the northern part of the province, such as the Fula settlement of Wase on a southern spur of the Murchison hills, where the higher altitude gives an excellent climate.

History Muri

In 1817 Muri was founded as a Fulbe jihad state . In 1892 - 1893 it was a de facto French protectorate, under Governor Louis Mizon (b. 1853 - d. 1899). In 1901 it became a 25,800 m². province of the British protectorate of Northern Nigeria , bordered S. by Southern Nigeria, SE. by German Cameroon, E. by the province of Yola, N. by Bauchi, W. by Nasarawa and Bassa with an estimated population of about 828,000.

The district of Katsena-Allah extends south of the Benue considerably west of 9° E., the approximate limit of the remainder of the province. The province is rich in forest products, and the Niger Company maintained trading stations on the river. Cotton is grown, and spinning thread, weaving and dyeing afford occupation to many thousands. Muri province included the ancient Jukon empire together with various small Fula states and a number of pagan tribes, among whom the Munshi, who extended into the provinces of Nassarawa and Bassa , were among the most turbulent.

The Munshi occupy about 4000 m². in the Katsena-Allah district. The pagan tribes in the north of the province were lawless cannibals who by constant outrages and murders of traders long rendered the mail trade route to Bauchi unsafe, and cut off the markets of the Benue valley and the Cameroon from the Hausa states. Only two routes, one via Wase and the other via Gatari, passed through this belt.

In the south of the province a similar belt of hostile pagans closed the access to the Cameroon except by two routes, Takum and Beli. For Hausa traders to cross the Muri province was a work of such danger and expense that before the advent of British administration the attempt was seldom made.

Muri came nominally under British control in 1900. The principal effort of the administration has been to control and open the trade routes. In 1904 an expedition against the northern cannibals resulted in the capture of their principal fortresses and the settlement and opening to trade of a large district, the various routes to the Benue being rendered safe. In 1905 an expedition against the Munshi, rendered necessary by an unprovoked attack on the Niger Company's station at Abinsi, had a good effect in reducing the riverain portion of this tribe to submission.

The absence of any central native authority delayed the process of bringing the province under administrative control. Its government was organized on the same system as the rest of Northern Nigeria, and under a British Resident. It was divided into three administrative divisionseast, central and west with their respective headquarters at Lau, Amar and Ibi.

Provincial and native courts of justice were established. The telegraph was carried to the town of Muri. Muri is one of the provinces in which the slave trade was most active, and its position between German territory and the Hausa states rendered it in the early days of the British administration a favorite route for the smuggling of slaves.

Emirs of Muri

1817 - 1833 Hamman Ruwa dan Usman
1833 - 1848 Ibrahim dan Hamman Ruwa
1848 - 1861 Hamman dan Hamman Ruwa
1861 - 1869 Hamadu dan Bose (d. 1869)
1869 - 1873 Burba dan Hamman (d. 1892)
1873 - 1874 Abu Bakar dan Hamman Ruwa (d.1874)
1874 - 1897 Muhammadu Nya dan Abi Bakar (d.1896) 1897-1903 Hasan dan Muhammadu Nya (d.1903) 1903 - 1953 Muhammadu Mafindi dan Muhammadu Nya (b. 1868 - d. 1953)
1953 - 1965 Muhamman Tukur dan Muhammadu Nya (b. 1883 d. 25 Oct,1965)
6 November 1965 - 12 August 1986 Umaru Abba Tukur OFR (deposed)
13 July 1988 - to date HRH Alh Abbas Njidda Tafida OFR

SARKIN HADEJIA BUHARI DA WAZIRIN SOKOTOA A KATAGUM

A lokacin da Sarkin Musulmi Aliyu Bubba ya turo Wazirin Sokoto Abdulkadir Gidado Gurin Sarkin Hadejia Buhari, Wazirin Sokoto shine wakilin sarkin Musulmi a yankin Gabas sai ya taho Hadejia daga Kano Amma sai ya wuce Katagum, Ya turo Jakada zuwa Hadejia yana So su Gana da Sarki Buhari.
Buhari yayi tunanin ya tafi shi kadai daga baya sai ya canza shawara kawai ya Tafi Katagum Da Mutanensa.

Zasu gamu da Wazirin Sokoto a can. Lokacinda suka isa Katagum Sarkin Hadejia Buhari ya tsaya a Kofar Garin Katagum sai ya tura a fadawa Waziri Ya Iso Wazirin Sokoto da Sarkin Katagum suka zo sai sukace Buhari ya Biyosu amma shi kadai tunda Shawara zasuyi.
Sarki Buhari ya bisu Har ya shiga Kofar Garin Katagum. Sai Mawakinsa wato Dan fatima ya fara masa waka yana cewa:-

1. Abubakar Garba Mijin Maza

2. Buhari kai ke da Nutso Kai ke da Hankali.

3. Don Allah yayi ka Uban Jama'a

4. Kuma kai Allah ya baiwa shugabancin Gidan Sambo

5. Ba dan na isa ba, In ka yarda ga Aike ka shiga dashi

6. Fasa Maza Gagara gasa Aiken shine

7. In ka sauka lafiya ka gaida Na Lara Sarkin Auyo

8. Ka gaida Bello Sarkin Dutse

9. Na Sambo sai ka dawo.

Abinda Dan fatima yake Nufi Sarkin Auyo da Sarkin Dutse duk Buhari ya kashe su. Dan haka shima In ya shiga Katagum Lalle Bazai fito ba.
KodaSarki Buhari yaji Wannan Waka ta Dan fatima sai ya juyo da baya, Wazirin sokoto da Sarkin Katagum da suka fahimci Buhari ya juya sai suka Biyoshi da Ihu Su da mutanen Katagum Suna ce masa Kafiri yaki bin Umarnin Sarkin Musulmi. sai da suka biyoshi har Unik Iyakar Hadejia Da Katagum.
kuma sun kashe wasu daga mutanen Buhari. koda yazo Unik sai ya yanke Shawarar ya yi sansani a nan ya koma ya yaki Katagum. kuma mutanensa suka koma suka Karkashe Mutanen Katagum karkashin jagorancin Barde Risku. Daga nan Rashin Jituwa Tsakanin Hadejia da Katagum ya Fara har bayan shekara Goma sha biyu bayan Mutuwar Buhari.

(1863). daga nan Aka samu wasa tsakanin Hadejia da Katagum. koda Katagumawa suka juya sai Wazirin Sokoto ya sake Gyyato Mutanen kano suka Hadu da Na Katagum zasuzo su yaki Buhari. da sarki Buhari yaji wannan Labarin sai shi da mutanensa suka bar Hadejia suka tafi Shabawa Iyakar Hadejia da Gumel Sukayi sansani a can.
da Buhari ya bar Hadejia sai Wazirin sokoto ya nada Wansa Ahmadu Sarkin Hadejia. A shekarar (1850).

Isma'ila A Sabo

TARIHIN SARKIN HADEJIA HARU BUBBA

Sarkin Hadeji Haru bubba shine Mahaifin Sarkin Hadejia Muhammadu mai Shahada, wanda a zamaninsa Turawa sukaci Hadejia da yaki.
Sarki Haru bubba Malami ne kuma mutum ne mai son zaman lafiya, kuma shine ya gina Masallacin juma'a Na Hadejia. Kuma a zamaninsa Gumel sukayi yaki da Hadejia, wato lokacin sarkin Gumel Abdu jatau. Sarkin Gumel ya aikowa Sarkin Hadejia zai wuce ta kasarsa wato ta kudu a gayawa Talakawa kada su tsorata bazai taba kowa ba.

To amma koda yazo wucewa sai ya saba Alkawari don yana sawa ana debe kayan talakawan ana kaiwa Gumel. Koda Sarkin Hadejia ya samu labari sai yasa akayi sirdi aka fita, a wannan yakin aka kashe sarkin Gumel Abdu jatau. Galadiman Hadejia yakuba shine ya sareshi.

Dama sarkin Gumel yayi mafarki bazai koma gida ba. Sai ya fadawa kaninsa Abubakar in ya mutu to a kaishi Gumel ayi masa jana'iza, kuma hakan akayi. Kuma a zamanin Sarkin Hadejia Haru ne Dansa Muhammadu Yayi yaki da Maguzawan Mada Rumfa ta Sokoto, inda sarkin musulmi ya masa sarautar Sarkin yakin Sarkin Musulmi. Kafin ya Zama Sarkin Hadejia. Allah yaji kansu.

SARKIN HADEJIA UMARU 1863-1865

An nada Sarki Umaru dan Buhari yana da shekara Goma sha Hudu. Kuma manyan fadawan mahaifinsa sune suke gudanar da Sarautar tunda shi yaro ne. Kuma a zamaninsa Sarkin Damagaram Tanimu ya kawo yaki Hadejia. Kuma yayi sansani a Arewa da Hadejia daga nan har Jigawar Kasim mutanensa ne. saida yayi kwana Arba'in ana yaki amma Hadejiawa basu fasa wasanninsu na dandali ba. Wata rana ana yaki Sai aka harbi dokin Sarkin Arewa! Koda ya mutu sai akaje gida aka dauko wani dokin aka cire kayan wancan dokin aka sakawa wanda aka kawo. Tata gana ya koma kan doki, kashe gari ana cikin yaki sai Tata gana ya sauko daga dokinsa yayi alwala ya koma kan dokin, to ashe Sarkin Damagaram yana kallon su sai yace Lalle Sarkin Hadejia ya Isa ana yaki ka sauko kayi alwala? Jiya ma an kashe masa doki amma sai zda akaje aka dauko wani a gari? Sai zagin Sarkin Damagaram yace ai ba Sarkin Hadejia bane Yaronsa ne! Sai Sarkin Damagaram Tanimu yace to ina Sarkin Hadejia? Sai zaginsa yace ai ance yana gida tunda aka fara yakin nan bai taba zuwa ba. Sai sarkin Damagarm yace wa fadawansa gobe zamu bar Hadejia kar mu tsaya ayi ta kashemu. Saboda Sarkin Hadejia ya raina mu kwananmu Arba'in amma bai taba zuwa anyi yaki dashi ba? Wa yasan me zai mana in ya zo? Amma basu san Sarkin Yaro bane. Washe gari suka juya suka koma Damagaram. Kuma lokacinda sukazo Hadejia da kaka ne! Anyi girbi Manoma basu gama Tare Amfaninsu ba. Shi yasa suka dade a Hadejia saboda akwai abinci da ruwa a kusa dasu. Sarki Umaru mutum ne mai son nishadi kowane lokaci yakan fita bakin kogi ko gona domin debe kewa. Kuma anyi amfani da wannan damar inda wata rana ya fita sai aka Rufe Masa Kofa. Koda yazo yaga kofa a rufe sai ya juya ya tafi Chamo ya zauna. Aka nada Kanin Mahaifinsa Sarkin Hadejia Wato Haru Bubba. 1865-1885. Shi kuwa Umaru dan Buhari yayi zamansa a Chamo kuma Ya rasu a shekarar 1920. Allah yaji Kansu Ameen.

Dalilin da yasa Mutanan Hadejia suka yiwa Turawan Mulkin Mallaka Tawaye a 1906. Na biyu (2)

Daga cikin masu ingizawa a yi yaki da Turawa sun yi yekuwa cewa 'kowa ya je gida ya shirya inyaso gobe duk mukwana lahira' ta haka manyan bayi masu sarauta suka ruruta ayi yaki da Turawa, sannan wani abin la'akari a nan shi ne dukkansu suna da hanyoyin da zasu shawo kan jama'a mai tarin yawa a kowana lokaci suke bukata domin suna da dukiya mai tarin yawa da bayi da iko.

Akwai wani dalili kuma da za a dangantashi da halayyar jama'ar wurin, kuma ana shi ne ya karfafa aka goyi bayan ayi yaki da Turawa Turawa. Shekaru da dama Hadejia ta sami shaidar cewa ita jarumar kasa ce (Barth, 1965:545). Masarautar ta kara samun wannan daraja a zamanin mulkin Sarkin Hadejia Buhari wanda saboda kokarin assasa ikonsa ya yaki wurare da yawa har sai da ya dangana da badalar Kano daga yamma (Barth, 1965:45).

Haka kuma a yayin da SarkinHadejia Buhari ya samu galaba akan rundunar daular Sakkwato a yakin Kafur, sai Hadejia ta zama dodo a tsakanin masarautun da suke a gabashin daular. Wasu kuma cewa suke Hadejia ta zama hatsabibiyar masarauta a gabas. (Ja'afaru marubucin tarihin Kano). Shi ma ya ayyana cewa Hadejia ta zama ciji abar tsorobtun a lokacin da ta gagari daular Sakkwato a Kafur, sai ta zama wadda ta gagari kundila.

(Low, 1972:141). Tun daga wannan lokaci aka fashimci Hadejia kasace ba mai tsoro ba kuma jaruma mai karfin gaske. A al'adance kuma ana cewa duk yaron da aka haifa a Hadejia sai an bashi "Ruwan Atafi" ya sha a lokacin da yake jariri domin yaran suna tashi da jarunta da rashin jin tsoro, (Suleiman Ginsau, Ruwan Atafi 2015). Duk wanda yasha wannan ruwa ba shi ba lalaci ba zai ji tsoro ba, zai zama jarumi kuma sadauki.

Saboda wannan yarda da mutanan Hadejia suke da ita a wannan dalili, ake ganin sun ba da kai borin yaki da nasara ya hau su. Suka hakikance cewa ba za ta yiwu su mika kansu ga Turawa ba tare da wata fafatawa ba, kuma suna a sane da hadarin fada wa abokan yakin da ya fi makamai masu inganci. Sun fita fagen daga ne da sanin cewa makaman abokan gaba sun fi nasu nesa ba kusa ba, amma sun yi haka domin su bar tarihi.

Manyan bayi masu sarauta da suke neman a gwabza da Turawa ana jin sun yi ta banza jita-jita kamar yadda abin yake a lokacin da ake hango wutar fara yakin. An shs tafi da tunanin jama'a acikin dabara ta nuna cewa talakawa na cikin halin kaka-naka-yi wadanda suke cikin masarautun da Turawa suka kwace mulkinsu. Haka kuma ake baza labarin cewa talakawan Katagum sun dawo Hadejia, wasu talakawan ma daga Kano sun gudo zuwa Hadejia. Haka dai abin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa sun gudo har sai da talakawan Hadejia suka kai ga kagara da su gwabza da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila. Wani labari kuma da ake ta bazawa ya kara kumbura mutane inda ake cewa Turawan mulkin mallaka suna nan suna kokarin su kama Saeki su fitar da shi daaga sarauta.

Amma a kokarin mayakan Turawa na su kwantar da tarzoma sun yi kokarin nuna wannan labari ba gaskiya ba ne, sai dai talakawan Hadejja ba su saurare su ba domin ma sun kagu su fara yaki. Duk wani namiji mai lafiya, mai jin karfi ya jima da shiryawa. Mazaje sun baro kauyuka sai mata da yara sun zo birni suna dakon yaki da Turawa (Lugard,1911:378).

Da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka gaji da take taken mutanan Hadejia, sai suka tsayar da shawara su shiga Hadejia da yaki ta amfani da karfin soja da suke dashi a wannan lokaci domin sauran kasashen da suke sashen gabas da suke tunanin yin tawaye, kamar dai yadda suka ladabtar da mutanan Satiru (Lugard 1911:378).

Babban abinda ya gaggauta wannan tawaye kuma shi ne umarnin da Lugard ya bayar inda ake ce kowa ya kawowa Turawa makamin yakinsa, sannan kuma a mikawa Turawa shuwagabannin da suke iza wutar a yi yaki kuma a sharewa Turawan hanya mafi sauki da za su shiga cikin garin Hadejia. Wani sharadin na Turawan kuma yana neman a rushe ko a bude wani sashe na ganuwar Hadejia domin a sami hanyar shiga mayalwaciya (Lugard, 1911:378-379).

An sami wannan sako a fadar Sarki daga nan aka tattauna shi a majalissar Sarki amma nan take aka yi watsi da shi wato aka shure shi da kafa. An ce ma wani barde sai yi wuf ya mari masinjan Turawa wanda ya kawo wannan sako wato Ibrahim Tafinta, ya gaya masa ya shaida wa iyayen gidansa wato Turawa cewa su zo da kansu su kama shugabannin tawayen.

A hakikanin gaskiya Turawan mulkin mallaka sun shirya su yi fiye da abin da jarimi Ibrahim Tafinta da 'yan uwansa suke zato. Tuni a lokacin da suka bayyana wa'adinsu sun riga sun a'ajiye makansu a kusa da birni.  An ga wadannan mayaka suna sintiri a sashen gabas wato inda suka gina matsugunninsu sojojinsu har zuwa yamma.

Ashe ke nan su ma Turawan Ingila sun riga sun shirya a lokacin da suke dakon su sami amsar mutanan Hadejia kuma sun sami amsar yadda suke zato za ta faru. Daga nan kuma suka ayyana yaki a kan Masarautar Hadejia.

Sai dai a lokacin da Capt. LEWIS ya shiga garin Hadejia sai yaga duk abinda yake faruwa sai ya rubutawa Kwamashina mai kulada lardin mulki na Hadejia wato Resdan wasika a 9th Mayu, 1905. Cewa ina mai ra'ayin 'yan kalilan Sojoji, domin sojojin da suke tare damu anan Hadejia, bazafa su iya tare wata kura da zata iya tasowa a gaba ba. Akwai bukata a aiko mana da Igwa a cikin gaggawa. Kuma ganin babu bukatar Sojoji a Katagum kwata-kwata wannan runduna babba ta Sojojin Kasa da take Katagum lallai a aikata Hadejia a cikin gaggawa (Suleiman Ginsau 2015).
Wadannan wasu dalilai ne da suka haddasa yakin Shahadar Hadejia.

YADDA YAKIN HADEJIA DA TURWAN MULKIN MALLAKA YA FARU...

Dalilin da yasa Mutanan Hadejia suka yiwa Turawan Mulkin Mallaka Tawaye a 1906. Na Daya (1)

Tawayen da Hadejia tayiwa turawan Mulkin Mallaka za a iya kallansa ta fuska biyu (2), fuska ta farko (1) ya zama wata hadaddaiyar dabi'a domin dukkan masarauatun da suke karkashin daular masu jihadi ta sakkwato sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da Turawa wadanda suke bakin haure ne masu mulkin kafirci.

- Fuska ta (2) ta shafi masarautar Hadejia ce kawai tun lokacin da Turawa suka shiga Hadejia, Hadejia taki yadda bangonta ya tsage balantana kadangare na gida ko bako ya samu wajen shiga,  Hadejia itace masarauta daya jal wadda a wannan lokacin Turawa basu cita da yaki ba (Hiskett,  da kuma Larymore, 1975:142). Tazarar da aka samu daga cinye wasu masarautu zuwa lokacin da Turawa suka tursasa wa Hadejia zama karkashin mulkin mallaka, a zashiri ya ba mutanan Hadejia damar su fashimci yadda mulkin Turawan Ingila yake gudana ba kamar yadda dan kallo zai gani daga bayan fage ba.

Yadda mutanan Hadejia suke ganin yanayin harajin Turawa da sassauya mulkin sarauta da manufofinsu ba abin ajidadi ko a yaba bane. Hakika masarautar Hadejia tana da wasu dalilai wadanda suka sa jama'arta suka rinka hamaiya da mulkin Turawa, masaruata Hadejia ta gaskata cewa, Musulnci yana nufin mika wuya zuwa ga dokokin Allah, mahaliccin kowa da komai. Hakika kuma a sane Hadejia take cewa Musulunci bisa zahirin gaskiya yayi kira a bayya ne, dalla-dalla cewa dole ne Musulmi ya tashi tsaye ya kare kansa kuma kada ya yarda da dokokin da bana shari'a ba gwargwadon iyawa da karfinsa. Ashe ke nan ba ta yadda za ayi mutanan Hadejia su saki tsarin Musulunci don su rumgumi tasarin kafirci, sai bisa tilas idan anfi karfinsu, ko da an rinjayesu din ne ai karfin mulki da sarrafa shi za a kwace, amma ba imanin mutum ko Addininsa na Musulunci ba.

Domin haka mutanan Hadejia suka sami kansu cikin wani hali mai wuya, musamman ganin cewa ba ta iyuwa garesu su amince da mulkin kafirai. Zabinsu game da wannan al'amari bashi da yawa kamar yadda dai ta faru a wasu masarautun, ko dai su kaurace wa mulkin Turawa ko kuma su tsaya tsayin daka su kare kansau ko za ta kaisu gayin yaki da su, ko dai kuma suyi kaura, su sake wurin zama.

Sai dai abin tambaya dangane da zabi na biyu ina zasu tafi ne idan suka yi kaura? Ai duka sauran masarutu na daular Musulunci na fama da wannan bala'in na Turawa. Sannan kuma ta yaya Sarki zai kare martabarsa a idon jama'a idan yayi hijira, tun da jama'a na kallan duk Sarkin da ya yi kaura matsoraci ne kuma rago ne wanda ya kauce wa gaskiya. Saboda haka zabin da ya rage shi ne bijirewa umarnin Turawa.

Domin kara wa wannan zabi karfi shi Sarkin Hadejia Muhammadu kammalallen mutum ne, bawan Allah cikakken mabiyin darikar Tijjaniyya, kuma babban jarumi mai fada da mulkin kafirci (Wakili H. 2005). Hakika za a iya cewa darikar Tijjaniyya tana da wasu Malamanta a masarautar Hadejia wanda suke rura wutar a ki Turawa da mulkinsu. Daga cikin misalan wadannan Malamai mabiya darikar Tijjaniyya akwai Malam Ahmadu Madaniyyo wanda ya taso daga Burmi bayan Turawa sun cinye garin da yaki a 1903. Shi wannan Malami tare da almajiransa sun zauna a Dakaiyawa, gari wanda yake kilomita ashirin da huda (24KM) daga Hadejia. Babu shakka, Sarki da malamai da sauran mabiya darikar Tijjaniyya suna mutukar kin Turawa da mulkinsu na kafirci.

Kari akan abubuwan sai maganar "Mahdi" ta kunno kai ta haka wasu suke da ra'ayin cewa tawayen Hadejawa yana da alaka da zuwan Mahdi, harka ta Mahadiyya a matsayin wata hanya ta gwagwarmaya ta kara wa wannan rikici na Hadejia kaimi tare da rurutashi.

Sauraron zuwan Mahdi ya yi babban tasiri a wannan masarautu kamar yadda ya yi tasirin a sauran masarautu makamanciyarta da kuma tun a farkon yake-yaken jihadi da aka yi a karni na goma sha tara (K19). Haka ma ya faru a farkon karni na ashirin (K20) da Turawa suka zo da zimmar kwace mulki a yawancin sassa na daular Sakkwato an dauka cewa zuwansu wata alamace ta bayyanar Mahdi.

A ra'yin Mahadiyya da koyarwarta babu yarda ko amincewa da mulkin mallaka ko wata danniya ta nuna fin karfi (Sa'id, 1972:1) sai dai wasu na ganin rawar da Mahdiyya taka a rikicin Hadejia takaitacciya ce domin ba a gudanar da shi bisa wannan akida ba.

Amma duk da haka za a iya nuna cewa maganar zuwan Mahdi da yawaita magana dangane da kusantowar karshen duniya sun taimaka wajen iza watar fadece-fadace da barkewar wannan yaki.

Babu shakka a lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara yi wa mutanan Hadejia barazana sai suka amince cewa daukar makami su yake su shi ne mafita kuma yin haka jihadi ne na kare Addini ko da kuwa za a mutu. Mutuwa a irin wannan yaki na Musulunci "SHAHADA" ce, shahada kuwa wata kololuwar daraja ce da Musulmi zai iya samu.

An tabbata cewa yawancin jama'ar Hadejia da sukayi wannan yaki sunyi shi ne ba domin wata sha'awa ta su sami galaba a yakin ba, a'a sai domin su yi shahada. Domin haka ne ma mutane suke kiran wannan yaki da Yakin SHAHADAR HADEJIA, shi kansa Sarkin Hadejia wanda ya jagoranci yakin kuma aka kasheshi ana yi masa lakabi da SARKI MUHAMMADU MAI SHAHADA haka duka sauran mutanen da aka kashe ana jin sunyi shahada ne bisa jimlarsu.

Ra'ayi na shahada a Musulunci ta hanyar yaki da kafirci ya kara wa mutanan Hadejia kwarin guiwa su tunkari Turawan mulkin mallaka gaba da gaba ko da kuwa za su rasa rayuwarsu domin su yi shahada abar kuduri. Babu shakka akidar shahada mai nauyi ce matuka a wajen wasu Musulmi.

Haka kuma wani babba dalili mai kwari da ya iza wutar wannan yaki yana da mutukar dangantaka da yanayin zaman jama'a da hanyar gudanar da mulkinsu.

Tawayen Hadejia ba a kamar wasu masarautu ba, ya hada rukunonin jama'a da yawa, da za a iya rabawa zuwa manyan gidaje biyu (2) wato gidan masu sarauta da gidajen talakawa. Wadannan gidaje biyu, bayan suna kan manufa daya, Misali kare hanyar tafiyar da rayuwarsu, haka kuma suna da kananan mabambantan manufofi da suka dace da yanayin kawane gida.

Babban miasali, an ce a lokacin da Turawa suka tunkari Hadejia, ra'ayoyin sun bambanta a tsakanin masu sarauta a Hadejia wato a iya yaki da Turawa ko a sallama musu. Rukunin da yake yayata a yi yaki da Turawan ya hada da:-
1. Sarkin Arewan Hadejia Tatagana
2. Madakin Hadejia Ahmadu
3. Mabudin Hadejia Zakari
4. Jarman Hadejia Warkaci
Wadannan dukkansu suna rike da manyan sarautu na bayi ma'ana bayi ne.
Sai kuma rukunin da yake kaurace wa a yi yaki da Turawan rukunin ya kunshi:-
1. Galadiman Hadejia Usman
2. Ciroman Hadejia
Da mabiyansu wadanda suke rike da manyan sarautu daga bangaran 'ya'ya. Wannan kungiya ta karshe tana ganin ba za a sami wata nasara ta yin yaki da Turawa ba domin sun mallaki manyan makamin yaki wadda Hadejia ba ta irinsu. Kuma sun fashimci cewa idan kida ya canza dole rawa ta canza, ta haka suke ganin ya fi dacewa Hadeja ta mika wuya a maimakon a yi tawaye da zai kai ga zubar da jini da rayukan mutane.

Sai dai su manyan bayin Sariki masu sarauta kuma masu fada aji tun daga zamanin Sarkin Hadejia Buhari (1849-1863), sun kekasa kasa suna ingiza cewa sai a yi fada da Turawa. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, wadannan manyan bayi sun yi amfani da karfinsu domin su dakushe kowana shiri da za a yi da Turawan Ingila a Katagum da Sarkin Hadejia Muhammadu. Kusan ana ganin su ne suka hana Sarki ya mika wuya. Dubi yadda a ko da yaushe Shamakin yake makale wa Sarki a duk lokacin da Turawan suka kirashi domin ganawa, ko da kuma Turawan suna son gana da Sarkin ne shi kadai.
Ta haka ne Turawan ba su cim ma burinsu na Hadejia ta yi saranda da kanta ba. Sarkin yaki wanda wanda ake ce ya rantse da Alqur'ani mai tsarki zai ci gaba da zama da Sarki a ko ina shi ma ya bayyana a zahiri mutum ne wanda ba ya sha'awar a yi wani sulhu da kafirai wayo Turawa.
Babu shakka zuwa wannan lokaci Turawa sun fahimci matsayi mai tsauri da manyan bayi da mabiyansu suke nuna musu a rubuce-rubucen Turawan mulkin mallaka sun bayyana yadda manyan bayi suke murkushe kokarin da suke yi na Hadejia ta miki kanta da kanta. Misali a wata takardar Telegiram da Rasdan na Kano Dr. Cargill ya aika wa babban Kwamishinan Ingila a Zungeru ya fadi cewa "Tattaunawa ra'ayi na mutanan Hadejia na wasu tsurarin mutane ne daga cikin manyan bayi" Dubi yadda shamaki ya karbawa Turawa mulki gayyatar da suka masa domin tattaunawa (amma sai kash shamakin bai nuna kulawa ta sosai a kan wannan gayyata ba).

Kamar dai yadda aka bayyana a baya. Ga alama wannan shi ne yunkurin na karshe da Turawan suka yi na neman sulhu da shamaki domin su rarraba kawunan mutanan da suke adawa da su. Idan kuwa haka al'amarin yake to lallai Turawa sun fadi warwas domin shi shamakin yana kallon wannan kira kamar goran yaki ne Turawa suka ba mutanan Hadejia.

Muhimmiyar tambaya da ta kamara a yi dangane da dagewar wannan rukuni na manyan bayi a kan kin mulkin mallaka na Turawa ita ce me ya kawo haka? Amsar wannan tambaya mai sauki ce domin a lokacin da Turawa suke karbar mulki wadannan mutane su ne na farkon da za su rasa matsayinsu da mukaminsu. Kuma sannan sun jima suna rike da wadannan mukamai, kuma suna ta gwagwarmayar su kawo wani sabon tsari a masarautar Hadejia inda za a danka wa 'ya'ya da dangin Sarki kawai mukaman sarauta su kuwa su koma a matsayin na bauta.
Idan kuma aka dada zurfafawa za a hango wani dalili da zuri'ar bayi suke sa kafa su shure ra'ayin a amince da Turawa. Su dai manyan bayi masu sarauta suna a matsayin wakilan jinsunansu ne a tsari irin na masarautar Hadejia mai kabilu iri-iri. Misali Sarkin Arewa yakan fito ne daga zuriyar mangawa, wato wasu masu sarauta sukan fito ne daga bangaran da ba ns Fulani ko Hausawa ko Kanuri ba. To manyan bayi masu sarauta suna gudun kada Turawa su zo su yamutse wannan tsari har ta kai a yi wa wasu juyin waina. Bisa dukkan alamu, kamar yadda aka sha nanatawa wannan ya kawo shamaki ya dinga bin sarki a duk inda ya sa kafa yana kaffa-kaffa da shi don kada ya yarda da Turawan Mulki.

Budu da kari a lokacin da aka yi taro na karshe a ranar Litinin 24-04-1906 inda aka yanke hukunci a yaki Turawa mulikin mallaka, wasu mutane.
Daga cikin masu ingizawa a yi yaki da Turawa sun yi yekuwa cewa 'kowa ya je gida ya shirya inyaso gobe duk mukwana lahira' ta haka manyan bayi masu sarauta suka ruruta ayi yaki da Turawa, sannan wani abin la'akari a nan shi ne dukkansu suna da hanyoyin da zasu shawo kan jama'a mai tarin yawa a kowana lokaci suke bukata domin suna da dukiya mai tarin yawa da bayi da iko.