HADEJIA.
Before the Fulani Conquest at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the country now known as the Hadejia Emirate was composed of seven separate kingdoms, whose chiefs received their titles from, and owed allegiance to the Kado Galadima of Bornu.
These were:
1. Auyo
2. Hadejia
3. Garin Gabbas (Mabudi)
4. Gatarwa (Sarkin Dawaki)
5. Kazure (Sarkin Arewa)
6. Fagi (Sarkin Arewa)
7. Dawa (Chiroma)
One authority says that the most ancient and important was Auyo, said to have been founded in 1400 by a Bagarmi named Auyo, whose brothers Tashe and Shirra are reputed to have founded Tashena and Shirra (in Katagum) at the same time.
Another authority gives pride of place to Garin Gabbas which, it is said, was originally called Biram. The well-known legend is that Biram was the father of the Hausa States (see Kano section) and one of the Hausa Bakwai. A story goes that the town was founded by Arabs from Bagdad. One Muhtari, or Bayajidda, came from the East until he reached Bornu (Kukawa) 3649 Kado Dynasty restored ; Mallam Musa Abdurrahman (1911) Hadejia originally compose of seven kingdoms under Bornu Auyo Garin Gabbas (Biram).
HADEJIA
where the reigning chief gave Muhtari his daughter in marriage. Muhtari subsequently went to Daura (where he slew the fetish and married the queen), but on the way his Bornu wife gave birth to a son called Biram, who founded the town. Yet another version says that Muhtari’s younger brother was called Biram and that he founded the town.
The present chief of Garin Gabbas claims descent from this Arab family. There is a tradition that Hadejia was founded by a Kanuri hunter named Hadejia, who came from Machina, and was the first of a long line of kings (32).
Umaru Towards the end of the eighteenth century a certain Fulani cattle owner named Umaru settled close to Hadejia and succeeded in obtaining the title of Sarkin Fulanin Hadejia. His father had originally come from Machina, and settled at Jar-mari, a few miles north of Hadejia.
The On hearing the news of the jihad (1805), Umaru at once sent jihad his brother Sambo to the Shehu for a flag and the Kado King Abubakar submitted without delay. Within a few months Auyo, Gatarwa, Garin Gabbas, and Kazure had submitted to Umaru, while the two remaining kingdoms of Fagi and Dawa were given by the Shehu to Laraima, a cousin of Umaru, who styled himself Sarkin Marma.
Sambo In 1808 Umaru was allowed to transfer his title to his son 1808 Mamman Kankiya, but within the year both father and son died. Umaru’s brother Sambo succeeded and from him have sprung all subsequent Emirs of Hadejia.
In 1810 he moved from Umaru’s residence at Rinde, just outside the northern gate of the town, and took up his residence in Hadejia town itself, which he considerably enlarged. On his entry the Habe inhabitants left the town and settled outside the eastern gate (Fantai).
Sambo After a comparatively peaceful reign of thirty-seven years abdicates Sambo abdicated in favour of his eldest son, Garko, who died two years later (1847). His brother Abdulkadiri, who succeeded him, himself died within a few months, to be followed almost at once by his aged father.
It is recorded in the Kano Chronicle that the son of the Sarkin Machina came to Kano in the reign of Yakubu (1452-63), and was made chief of Hadejia with the title of Sarkin Gabbas.
HADEJIA
Sambo’s third son, the Chiroma Buhari, now succeeded to the ‘sarauta’ against the dying wish of his father, who had nominated his fourth son, Ahmadu. Buhari proved to be a bold and cruel ruler. One of his first acts was to have the Sarkin Auyo assassinated. The Sarkin Musulmi, Aliu Babba, sent word to have him deposed, but Buhari refused to listen. On the approach of the Katagum forces, under the Waziri of Sokoto, Buhari retired with his followers, and Ahmadu was installed as Emir (1850).
Having defeated the Sarkin Machina, Buhari returned to Hadejia (rein-forced by the Shehu of Bornu ) who was quite ready to put a spoke in the Sokoto wheel. He routed the Katagum forces, and put Ahmadu to death (1851).
Having now openly defied and thrown off all semblance of allegiance to Sokoto, he proceeded to enrich himself by a series of raids and expeditions on all sides. Marma was captured after tunnelling under the walls and became part of Hadejia, thus bringing the Emirate to its present size. Buhari died in 1863 in an unsuccessful expedition against the Badawa at Gworgworam. His reign furnishes a remarkable record of combined courage and ruthlessness.
Buhari was succeeded by his son Umaru, despite the strong protests of Buhari ’s brothers, one of whom, Haru, eventually succeeded in obtaining a sufficiently strong backing to force Umaru to abdicate.
Haru reigned nearly twenty years (1865-85). He defeated and killed the Sarkin Gumel at Zaburan in 1872, but did not fare so well against Ningi nor against the Badawa, who severely de-feated him at Gworgworam.
Haru was succeeded by his son Muhammadu (1885-1906). Most of his reign, like that of his predecessors, was spent in fighting. After the Kano civil war of 1893, although he had rendered no support, he pretended that he had been promised Miga and Kwanda and promptly annexed them by force. He was killed in 1906 while defending Hadejia against the British.
It is said that Buhari impersonated Ahmadu at his father’s death-bed and thus wrongfully obtained his father’s blessing.
The Sarkin Musulmi appointed Tukur after Ahmadu’s death, but he never dared to assert his claim. They were returned to Kano on the British occupation in 1903. Buhari succeeds (1848) He is deposed {1850) but returns (.1851)
Umaru {1863-5)
Haru {1865- 85)
Muhammadu {1885- 1906)
Haruna (1906-9)
Abdul-kadiri (1909- 25)
Usuman (1925 to date)
HADEJIA
Haruna, his son, a very quiet man, was appointed to succeed him, and on his death in 1909 his son, Abdulkadiri, who was then only a youth, was appointed Emir. In 1925 Abdulkadiri died, and was succeeded by his brother Usuman.
“THE EMIRS OF HADEJIA”
Hardo Abdure of Machina
(1) Umaru 1805-08
(2) Mamman Kankiya 1808
(3) Sambo 1808-45
(4) Garko 1845-7
(5) Abdulkadiri 1847-8
(6) Buhari 1848-50, and 1851-1863
(7) Ahmadu 1850-1
(8) Umaru 1863-1865
(9) Haru 1865-85
(10) Muhammadu 1885-1906
(11) Haruna 1906-9
(12) Abdulkadiri 1909-25
(13) Usuman 1925- date.
Posted by Ismaila A Sabo
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