Thursday, 31 December 2020

TAKAITACCEN TARIHIN SABAN TURAKIN HADEJIA (MAL. DAUDA YUSUF)

HAIHUWA DA NASABA:-
Sabon Turakin Hadejia Mal. Dauda Yusuf da wasu ke kiransa Malam Nakakai, jikan Turakin Hadejia Abubakar ne, Dan Alh. Yusuf Na Ginsau ne, Alh. Yusuf Na Ginsau Dan Turakin Hadejia Abubakar ne, an haife shi a Unguwar Makwallar Ashshe da ke garin Hadejia ranar 15-01-1955.

KARATUN ALLO:-
Yayi karatun Allo a makarantar Malam Garba na Galadima da Malam Abba Mai Kwa a Unguwar Fagge Kano. 

KARATUN BOKO:- 
Ya fara karatun Firamare a Fagge ya karasa a Kofar Arewa Firamare Hadejia a 1963-1969. Mal. Dauda Yusuf bai tsaya anan ba a shekarar 1970-1974 ya halarci Babbar Sakanderan Fantai da ke Hadejia (GSS Fantai), daga nan ya zarce Makarantar sanin koyarwa ta shekara daya a Kano wato (Pivotal Teachers College Kano a 1976).

AIKIN SA NA KOYARWA:-
Mal. Ya fara aikin koyarwa a Firamaren Arbus daga nan sai Dubatu Firamare, irin gudunmawa da cigaban da ya samar a da jajircewa da ya yi a wannan Firamaren sai aka bashi Mukamin Shugaban Makaranta wato (Head Master). 

KARIN KARATUNSA:-
Sa bi da hazaka irin ta sa a shekarar 1980 ya koma Babbar Kwalejin Malanta ta Zaria a karkashen Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello University  (ABU Zaria). Domin karin Kartu inda ya kammala karatunsa yayi wa kasarsa shidima wato (NYSC) a Jihar Anambra a 1980-1981. Ya koma Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello domin samun Digiri a bangaran Kayarwa a karo na biyu.

AIKINSA NA KOYARWA A KARO NA II
Mal. Dauda Yusuf yayi aikin koyarwa da Makaratun da dama, ya koyar a Makarantar horon Malamai ta Malam-Madori (Teachers College). Mal. Dauda Yusuf yayi aikin a Makarantun gaba da Firamare daban-daban a tsohuwar Jihar Kano.

MUKAMAN DA YA RIKE:-
A Jihar Jigawa kuma ya rike mukamai na mataimakin Shugan Makaranta (Vice Principal) a Makarantar Sakandiren Fantai Hadejia (GSS Fantai) a 1990-1993 sannan ya rike matsayin Shugaban Makaranta wato (Principal) a wadannan Makarantu:-
1. Sakandiren Aminu Yusuf Hadejia (A.Y.I.S.S) a 1993-1994
2. Babbar Sakandiren Maza ta Malam-Madori (GSS MMR) a 1994-1997
3. Babbar Sakandiren Mata ta Birniwa (GGASS Birniwa) 1997-1999
Yayi aiki bisa gaskiya da rikon Amana ya kawo ciga marar adadi a guraren da yayi aiki wanda hakan tasa basu taba mantawa dashi.
Irin wannan kokarin nasa ne yasa Ma'aikatar Ilimi a Jihar Jigawa ta bashi Mukamin Shugaban Ilimi na yankin Kirika-Samma wato (Zonal Head).
Daga baya ta maida shi Magatakarda Ilimi na Farko wato Education Secretary) a shiyyoyi kamar haka:-
1. Jahun a 2008-2011
2. Kirika-Samma 2011-2014

KAMMALA AIKINSA NA GWAMNATI:-
Alhamdulillah Mal. Dauda Yusuf ya kammala aikinsa a watam Satumba 2014 ya ajiye aikin a bisa dalilin shekaru na haihuwa. A yayin aikin sa yayi aiki bisa gaskiya, rikon amana, hakuri, da juriya yayi zaman lafiya da al'umma inda Jama'a suka nuna masa kauna.

TURAKIN HADEJIA
Mai Martaba Sarkin Hadejia Alh. (Dr) Adamu Abubakar Maje ya tabbatar masa da Sarautar Turakin Hadejia Dan Majalissa ranar Juma'a 17-07-2020
Turakin Hadejia Mal. Dauda Yusuf yana da Matar Aure Daya da 'Ya'ya Bakwa Maza Biyu Mata Biyar da Jikokai Biyar. Allah ya tayashi riko Amin.
Daga: Suleiman Ginsau, GMNIM
.

Thursday, 3 December 2020

A RECOLLECTION OF THE EVENTS ON HADEJIA’S ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT


By Engr. Daudu Abdul-Aziz

The circulation of two photographs in the social media showing the 15th Emir of Hadejia, Alhaji Haruna Abdulkadir leading dignitaries out of his palace to the pavilion in front of the palace, arranged for the distinguished guests to watch a durbar in their honour, brought back happy memories of the commissioning of the Hadejia Electrification Project. The guest of honour on that day, as shown in the photographs, was Mrs Victoria Gowon, wife of the former Nigerian head of state General Yakubu Gowon, who performed the official commissioning on 1st August 1973. She was accompanied by the former military governor of Kano State, Police Commissioner Audu Bako and his wife, Hajiya Ladi Bako. Regrettably, both Emir Haruna Abdulkadir and Governor Audu Bako are no longer with us. May Allah (SWT) have mercy on them and grant their souls peaceful repose in Aljannah Firdaus.
The historical background to the project can be traced to the establishment of Kano State Rural Electricity Board by the military government (of Alhaji Audu Bako), by an act of Edict (No. 1 of 1973) published in the Kano State of Nigeria Gazette No. 6, Vol. 7 of 22nd March 1973. The intention, of course, was to make power supply available to the greatest number of the people and boost the economic and industrial development of many towns and villages, as well as improve their social wellbeing as NEPA was not coping with the demands for electricity nationwide, and some stop-gap measure was needed. The prevailing situation in 1973 was, save for metropolitan Kano, only Dawakin Tofa, Tofa and Bichi enjoyed electricity from the national grid. What is more, not a single town in Kano State benefitted from the N46 million electrification programme for population centres nationwide approved for NEPA by the Federal Government in 1972, which showed how poorly Kano State had been covered by the national electricity supply authority.
By 1973, most State Governments had established Rural Electrification Boards, and interestingly, the Midwestern State was the first to do so, followed by Kano State. Talk about healthy competition between two progressive States! A competition which later transcended the realms of rivalry to that of close friendship, such that the former could assist the latter with educational manpower to help raise standard of education, particularly at the primary level.
The plan by Governor Audu Bako was to electrify all the major rural areas in Kano State within the Second and Third (National) Development Plan periods. The project started with Hadejia, while Gumel and Kazaure followed in quick succession.
How did the project begin, as witnessed by youngsters like us, then students in secondary school?
We came home for the holidays at the end of the first term in 1973 to find the town littered with wooden electric poles piled in several of the town’s open spaces. The talk everywhere in town was that Hadejia was going to be electrified at last. This was cheering news because apart from Kano, people in Hadejia could only hear stories about neighbouring towns of Azare in present Bauchi State and Nguru, the railway terminus in present Yobe State, enjoying mains electricity since the time of ECN (later NEPA).
However, locally, the newly constructed General Hospital which was commissioned in 1962 had electricity supply powered by a diesel genset. People will remember the rhythmic sound of its engine being similar to that of a pulsating heart, which could be heard a fair distance away across town at the other end. As a matter of fact, that hospital plant was extraordinary because going by today’s classification, it can qualify as a cogeneration plant—complete with a boiler to supply hot water (and steam?) for the hospital’s daily needs. The huge cylindrical boiler drums could be seen under a special canopy beside the powerhouse. It is so elaborately arranged, and something to marvel at, which is a reflection of the quality of work done by Messrs Cappa and D’Alberto, the contractor that built the hospital. Such a pity, though, that the residence of the medical officer, built by the same contractor at the Bariki, didn’t enjoy the electricity or hot water produced by this plant because the house was considered remote from the hospital to have these services extended to it!
A small generating set was later installed at the emir’s palace which also supplied the central mosque and a few of the emirate councillors’ houses. Some wealthy individuals in the town also owned private generators for their houses.
Back to the electrification project story—it was now time for work to start in earnest.
But, first, some juicy eggs had to be broken before this omelette could be made—trees had to be felled to put up the distribution network infrastructure and install power supply equipment. Hadejia was known for its beautifully laid-out, tree-lined streets and roads. The dense green foliage sheltered the town fully from the hot, sub-Saharan tropical weather, especially in the months of March to June when the scorching heat of the sun is at its highest intensity, beside serving as open sheds for petty traders of all kind to display their wares, and as a resting place for the numerous Majlis spread around the different wards in the town.
Obviously, this request to cut down trees must have presented the forestry department with a difficult decision to make. The decision must have been even more difficult because people, generally, expressed disgust at losing trees planted and painstakingly tended to maturity decades ago.
But that anger soon dissipated, and the mood quickly changed to delight when streetlights took the place where the trees once stood. The nights became lively and people could move about freely and do their business with ease, into the small hours of the night. That is the irony of modern development!
It is a pity that since the electrification project, the natural environment has continued to suffer from devastation caused by city redevelopment, the latest of which is the reconstruction of Hadejia township roads by the Jigawa State Government. The tree-population has now been reduced to a fraction of the situation in the early 1970s. Happily, though, a private initiative supported by the Hadejia Emirate Council, has carried out the planting of trees inside the town. This is commendable, but the government needs to take this issue more seriously. The annual tree planting campaigns of yesteryear should be reintroduced.
Of course, the environmental issue is a global phenomenon. While the Almighty Allah has designed a perfect ecological balance between fauna and flora, in the production and consumption of oxygen and cardon dioxide, mankind in its activity and greed to not only satisfy its essential needs but also its conspicuous consumption, is destroying that balance. The result is global warming with its dire consequences.
So much for the environment!
It didn’t take time before the project was completed, its pace no doubt, accelerated by the cooperation received from the community in the execution of the task. The whole town was flushed with excitement at the thought of having electricity in a matter of months, even weeks, which made everybody to come forward to play a part in actualising it. For once, farmers and traders abandoned going to the farms and markets and volunteered to offer their services free in any way, shape, or form desired. Able-bodied men became mobile cranes and carried electric poles on their shoulders to erection locations. The entire town turned into a project site overnight.
Although there is nothing to suggest that the quality of work was compromised in the process, “safety at work” practices were not observed, and a few injuries were recorded. In one instance, a friend sustained serious injuries in his right foot when the wooden electric pole being carried shoulder-high was suddenly dropped heavily on it. He was very lucky not to have had his metatarsal broken, but he endured many sleepless nights in excruciating pain. Another elder in the community in a similar situation was not so lucky—he fractured, and virtually lost, an index-finger.
On the whole, it had to be admitted that the technical quality of the job was very good. It stood the test of time, and would several years later pass the necessary tests for connection to the national grid. The credit must go to the contractor that handled the job and technical staff of Kano State REB, but principally the project engineer, or manager, who incidentally was no other than our very own Umaru (Mohammed) Hadejia, a.k.a. Umaru Maishadai, a proud Bahadeje.
Umaru Maishadai was a young technician at the Kano State Ministry of Works & Survey when Governor Audu Bako established the REB and appointed Ja’afaru Aliyu, a NEPA staff at the power station at Challawa, as the Board’s General Manager. Ja’afaru identified Umaru, recruited him immediately and assigned him to work on the electrification programmes of the Board.
Umaru settled down to work and quickly established a reputation for hard work and thoroughness, proving that he was not the type of project engineer who would sit down behind a desk at the site office reviewing reports and holding lengthy meetings. Umaru was dynamic and visible. He was the indefatigable engineer, always going round the project “site” to inspect work and issue instructions—the trademark VW Combi Bus project vehicle became the tell-tale sign of his presence. It is a testament to his hard work that he was able to accomplish the Hadejia, Gumel and Kazaure projects in record time and without a hitch.
It is a remarkable feat that it took only four months from the date the edict establishing the Kano State REB was published in the government official gazette on 22ndMarch 1973, to the commissioning of the first REB project at Hadejia on 1stAugust 1973.  And probably within budget too—the Hadejia electrification project cost N600,000 (in 1973 Naira). That is determination and commitment to a cause!
However, in spite of all the expectations, preparations and initial celebration in the afternoon of 1st August 1973 to welcome Mrs Victoria Gowon, the official commissioning programme  of the Hadejia REB project ultimately ended as an anti-climax; rainfall early in the evening didn’t allow people to come out and witness the cutting of the tape and switching on of the light by Mrs Gowon, but did anyone care? Once the rain stopped, people trooped out on to the streets, and that’s when the all-night celebrations started—until the early hours in the morning!
At take-off, the powerhouse at Hadejia comprised two generating units of 236kW and 312kW rating. This was upgraded with the addition of another installation in a different section of the town, comprising three units rated at 1 x 600kW and 2 x 450kW (i.e., total capacity of 1500kW), to cater for growth in demand.
Of course, the question for standalone diesel genset power supply schemes, as that of Hadejia REB, has always been for how long can it be sustained? This question was quickly answered—not very long. Luckily, power supply from the national grid came to the aid.
Events would later prove that Kano State REB had lofty ambitions. It was not content just establishing isolated REB plants serving small towns and villages. It thought of a better (and more economical?) idea to have more central and bigger power plants that could serve many towns interconnected by small distribution networks. This is similar in concept to today’s mini-grids. Remarkably, this was foreseen 40 years ago by the civilian government of Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi. Nowadays, both Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission and the Rural Electrification Agency are promoting this idea of a mini-grid, though not as standalone diesel installations but as hybrid installations of renewables in combination with diesel gensets or as renewable energy systems alone (solar/wind/small hydro).

Saturday, 10 October 2020

HAUSA DA TURANCI

Yafiya = Forgiveness
Tausayi = Pity
Tausayawa =Sympathy
Tausasawa = Compassion
Sassauci =Leniency
Rangwame = Clemency
Rahama =Mercy
Kau da kai = Overlooking
Juyayi =Empathy
Jajantawa = Condolence
Haƙuri =Patience
Alhini = Mourning
Alfarma =Favor
Afuwa =Pardon
Acceptance = Karɓuwa
Zaman lafiya = Peace
Yarjejeniya = Treaty
Sasantawa = Conciliation
Manta baya = Magnanimity
Lumana = Peacefulness
Lafawa = Pacification
Kwanciyar hankali = Tranquility
Juriya = Forbearance
Ijma’i = Consensus
Haƙuri da juna = Tolerance
Fahimtar juna = Understanding
Alƙawari = Pact

Ta’addanci = Terrorism
Samame = Incursion
Rashin-tausayi = Brutality
Rashin imani = Ruthlessness
Mamaya = Invasion
Hari = Raid
Harbi = Firing
Gaba = Hostility
Fir’aunanci = Savagery
Fatattaka = Chase
Farmaki = Attack/Assault
Dirar-mikiya = Blitz
Bara = Charge
Azabtarwa = Cruelty

Artabu = Combat
Batakashi = Shoot-out
Ɓarin-wuta = Shelling
Faɗa = Fight
Fitina = Skirmish
Gumurzu = Dogfight
Jahadi = Crusade
Karon-batta = Clash
Rikici = Conflict
Taho-mu-gama = Ram
Tarzoma = Riot
Tashin-hankali = Violence
Tawaye = Rebellion
Yaƙi = War
Zubar da jini = Bloodshed

Gaba-da-gaba = Confrontation
Kai-hannu = Exchange blows
Kai-ruwa-rana = Tussle
Karo = Encounter
Kokuwa = Duel
Rigima = Dispute
Rikitarwa = Controversy
Ta-da-jijiyar-wuya = Altercation
Ta-da-ƙayar-baya – Intimidation
Taƙaddama =Contention
Tashin-tashina = Brawl
Tirjiya =Resistance

Cacar-baki = Shouting match/Exchange words
Gardama = Scuffle
Hatsaniya = Quarrel/Row
Hayaniya = Squabble
Kyara = Bullying
Musu = Argument
Sa-in-sa = Altercation
Tsangwama = Oppression
Rabuwar-kai = Fray
Ƙyamata = Resentment
Zaman-doya-da-manja = Rancor
Jayayya = Tug-of-war

Anger = Fushi
Animosity = Ƙullaliya
Antagonism = Rashin jituwa
Bitterness = Ɗacin-rai
Disagreement = Rashin daidaito
Discord =Saɓani
Distrust = Rashin yarda
Enmity = Ƙiyayya
Envy =Kishi
Grievance =Damuwa
Grudge = Riƙo
Hate = Tsana
Malice = Hassada
Misunderstanding =Rashin fahimta

Adulthood = Manyanta
Babyhood = Jarirantaka
Boyhood = Yarinta
Brotherhood = ‘Yan-uwantaka
Childhood = Yarinta
Eldership = Dattijantaka
Friendship = Abota/Ƙawance
Girlhood = Yarinta
Manhood =  Mazantaka
Oldage = Tsufa
Sisterhood = ‘Yan-uwantaka
Womanhood = Matanta
Youth = Ƙuruciya

Bakace = Sifting
Ɓarza = Crushing
Daddage = Mashing
Daka = Pounding
Dandaƙe = Crunching
Kwankwatse = Crushing
Marmasawa = Crumbling
Niƙa = Milling/Grinding
Shiƙa = Winnowing
Surfe = Chaffing
Sussuka = Threshing
Tankaɗe = Sieving
Tata = Filtering
Tsinta = Picking
Bakace = Sifting
Ɓarza = Crushing
Daddage = Mashing
Daka = Pounding
Dandaƙe = Crunching
Kwankwatse = Crushing
Marmasawa = Crumbling
Niƙa = Milling/Grinding
Shiƙa = Winnowing
Surfe = Chaffing
Sussuka = Threshing
Tankaɗe = Sieving
Tata = Filtering
Tsinta = Picking

Anatomy = Yanayin gaɓɓan jikin
Antibacterial = Yaƙar ƙwayar bacteria
Antibiotics = Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta
Arthritis = Amosalin gaɓɓai
Gynecology = Ilimin mahaifa
Histocompatibility = Dacen-jin
Laxative =Kasayau
Mortality = Yiwuwar mutuwa
Physiology =Yanayin jiki
Tumor = Ƙari

Sputum = Kaki
Sneezing = Atishawa
Pain = Zogi/Raɗaɗi
Nasal swab = Kwarfatar hanci
Nasal Congestion = Cushewar hanci
Mucus = Majina/Gamsai
Infect = Harba
Flu = Mura
Fever = Masassara/Zazzaɓi
Cell = Tantanin halitta
Bronchitis = Mashaƙo
Addiction = (Zamewa) Jaraba
Acute = Mai muni

Available = Mai samuwa
Liable = Ɗaukar alhaki
Memorable = Abin tunawa
Noticeable = Mai ban-mamaki
Objectionable = Abin ƙi
Permissible = Halattacce
Pliable = Mai tanƙwasuwa
Portable = Mai ɗaukuwa
Possible = Mai yiwuwa
Reliable = Tsayayye
Visible = Mai ganuwa
Vulnerable = Mai rauni

#MAGNITUDE
Faɗi = Breadth/Width
Girma = Size
Gwargwado = Ratio
Iyaka = Limit
Ƙarƙari = Reach
Kauri = Thickness
Kima = Rate
Kini = Equal
Maƙura = Extreme
Mataki = Extent
Matsayi = Stage
Matuƙa = Maximum
Nauyi = Weight
Siranta = Thinness
Tamka = Parallel
Tsayi= Height
Zurfi = Depth 

Antivirus = Manhajar kare cutukan kwamfuta
Antivaxer = Mai adawa da rigakafi
Antiseptic = Kare ɗaukar cutuka
Antidote = Makari
Anticrime = Yaƙar manyan laifuka
Antichrist = Magabcin Kristi
Anti-venom = Kardafi
Anti-party = Zagon ƙasa ga jam’iyya
Anticorruption = Yaƙar almundahana

Consequently = Sakamakon haka
Daily = Duk rana
Explicitly = A sarari, Ƙuru-ƙuru
Formally = Bisa ƙa’ida, A hukumance
Fortunately = Abun birgewa
Happily = Abin farin ciki
Only = Kacal, Kaɗai, Kawai
Publicly = A bainar jama'a, A fili
Sufficiently = A wadace
Timely = A kan lokaci

Agara = Achilles tendon
Allon kafaɗa = Shoulder blade
Damtse = Upper arm
Dunduniya = Sole
Haƙarƙari = Rib
Hammata = Armpit
Ijiya = Eye
Karan hanci = Nose bridge
Kunci = Cheek
Kwankwaso = Pelvis
Kwiɓi = Body side
Ƙugu = Hip
Muƙamuƙi = Jaw
Sha-raɓa = Calf
Tsintsiyar-hannu = Arm

Centre for Disease Control =Hukumar Daƙile Cutuka
Coronavirus = Ƙwayar cutar numfashi
Cough =Tari
#COVID19 = Murar mashaƙo
Social distancing = Ƙauracewa juna
Face mask =Takunkumi
Gloves = Safar hannu
Quarantine = Keɓancewa
Self-isolation =Killace-kai
Sore throat = Maƙaƙin maƙoshi

1. Tsara=Peer/Array
2. Tsare=Guard/Prevent
3. Tsari=System/Refuge
4. Tsaro=Security
5. Tsaru=Planned
6. Tsere=Race/Flee
7. Tsira=Survive
8. Tsire=Kebab/Pike
9. Tsiri=Peak/Geyser
10.Tsiro=Shoot
11. Tsoro=Fear
12. Tsura=Pure/Unmixed
13. Tsure=Scared
14. Tsuro=Sprout
15. Tsuru=Timid

To this day = Har zuwa yau
Sooner or later = Ko ba-jima ko ba-daɗe
On your own = A kan kanki
On the other hand = A gefe guda
On the contrary = A akasin haka
In place of = A madadin
In a nutshell = A taƙaice
At the same time = A lokaci guda
At the heart of = Kan-gaba

#Hausa troponyms for STEALING and CON:

Almundahana = Pilfering
Bizi = Lifting
Damfara = Duping
Fashi = Robbery
Fashi da makami = Armed robbery
Ƙwace = Snatching
Sane = Pickpocketing
Sata = Stealing
Sibaranye = Filching
Taɓargaza = Squander
Wala-wala = Swindling
Wawura = Looting 

As long as = Muddin
As such = Don haka
Directly – Kai-tsaye
Hopefully = Ana fatan
In addition = Bugu da ƙari
In fact = A zahiri
Mainly = Galibi
Shortly = Jim kaɗan 
Strenuously = Yi tuƙuru
Suddenly = Kwatsam
Unfortunately = Abin takaici
Usually = Yawanci
Voluntarily = A son-rai

All = Duka
Alliance = Ƙawance
Altogether = Gabaɗaya
Combination = Haɗaka
Concentration = Cincirundo
Crowd = Cikowa
Entire = Ɗaukacin
Entirety = Rankatakaf
Mass = Dandazo
Multiple = Mamako
Multitude = Tari
Thousands = Dubun dubata
Total = Jimilla
Totality = Kafatani
Union =Gamayya

Currently = A halin yanzu
Evenly = Daidai wadaida
Indirectly = A kaikaice
Preferably = Zai fi dacewa
Provisionally = Ƙwaryakwarya
Rarely =Da wuya
Regularly = A kai a kai
Respectively = Bi da bi
Separately = A rarrabe
Similarly = Hakazalika
Thereby = Wato kenen
Typically = Yawanci

Immediately = Nan da nan
Inevitably = Babu makawa
Instantly = Yanzun nan
Luckily = Sa'ar lamarin
Mostly = Galibi
Normally = A yadda aka saba
Obviously = Babu shakka
Periodically = Lokaci-lokaci
Permanently = Dindindin
Possibly = Mai yiwuwa
Practically = A aikace

Accordingly = Dangane da haka
Actually = A zahiri
Alternatively = A madadin haka
Carefully = Da takatsantsan
Efficiently = Cikin ƙwarewa
Entirely = Ɗaukacin
Equally = Hakanan
Exclusively = A ƙeɓance
Generally = A bai-ɗaya
Hardly = Da wuya
Honestly = a ƙashin gaskiya

Already = Ya rigaya
As soon as/Once = Da zarar
Besides = Kuma ma
But = Amma/Sai dai
By the way = Af
Even = Hatta
If = Idan
Not even = Balantana
Often = Galibi/Sau da yawa
Since = Tun da
So long = Matuƙar
Therefore = Sabili da haka
To be sure = Duk da dai
Yet = Duk da haka, Tukuna

Commute = Je-ka-ka-dawo
Ferry = Fito
Haulage = Dako
Import-Export = Shige-fice
Journey = Bulaguro
Shipping = Dakon kaya
Shuttle = Kai-komo
Tour = Zagaye
Trafficking = Safara
Transit = Jigila
Transport = Sufuri
Travel = Tafiya
Trek = Tattaki
Visit = Ziyara

Source : Hausa Language Hub

Sunday, 20 September 2020

EMIR OF ZAZZAU SHEHU IDRIS 1936-2020


1. Early Life And Education:-
Alhaji Dr  Shehu Idris CFR, was born to the family of Malam Idrisu Auta who was sometimes called Autan Sambo and Hajiya Aminatu. Idrisu Auta's father was Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Sambo who reigned from  1879 to 1888 and Auta's grandfather was Sarkin Zazzau Abdulkarimi who reigned from 1834 - 1846. Shehu Idris started his education being tutored by two Islamic scholars in Zaria and then continued with formal studies at the Zaria Elementary School. He was at the elementary school from 1947 till 1950, during this period, the young Idris lost his father when he was 12 years old. Idris continued both his qur’anic and formal education and enrolled in the Zaria Middle School in 1950 and finished studies in 1955. He then attended Katsina Training College to become a teacher.

2. Later Life And Career:-
In 1958, he was a teacher at a school in Hunkuyi and then taught at a few other schools in Zaria. Thereafter, he left teaching. In the 1960s, he was a private secretary to Sarkin Zazzau, Muhammadu Aminu, he was also appointed as the secretary to the Zaria Native Authority council in 1965. In 1973, he was bestowed the title of Dan Madamin Zazzau and was appointed the district head of Zaria and Kewaye. Shehu Idris succeeded Sarki Muhammadu Aminu in 1975. On 10 January 2015 he celebrated his 40 years coronation anniversary, and 8th February 2020, he celebrated his 45 years coronation anniversary.

3. Death:-
Shehu Idris who celebrated his 45 years on throne in February 2020 died on Sunday morning 20 September 2020 at the age of 84 at 44 Nigerian Army Reference hospital in Kaduna around 11am. May his soul rest in Jannatul Firdausi. Ameen.

Tuesday, 1 September 2020

HADEJIA N.A. WORKS: PLEASE DON’T TEAR IT DOWN, RESTORE IT

By: Engr. Daudu Abdul'aziz

There have been a lot of speculations in the past couple of years as to what should become the fate of the historic Hadejia N.A. Works Department buildings and yard, or simply, N. A. Works for short. The N.A. Works is a magnificent buildings complex situated in the centre of the town at the Kofar Fada. This building had served the Hadejia N.A.  very well as the centre for the execution of public works in the days of the Native Administration of old and for several more years in the aftermath of the local government reform of 1976. It has now been left to rot away and decay; such a shame that a building of great utility value should be afflicted by the canker worm of official neglect that has become the bane of the country’s public infrastructure.

It has to be admitted that the story of the deplorable state of national infrastructure is not new or peculiar; it is a reflection of society’s collective nonchalance to maintenance and the wanton disregard for public property; this is unfortunately a common Nigerian malaise borne out of a declining quality of leadership, indiscipline and a general lack of sense of propriety. And of course now, corruption, which has eaten so deep in the fabric of society.

The large impressive buildings of the N.A. Works are comprised of offices, workshops and stores. They have been constructed with the highest standards of quality. What gives the main building housing the workshops its iconic appearance is the choice of roofing material, in consideration of the prevailing threat in the early 1940s—it is made of slate shingles to obscure it from Hitler’s bombers during the Second World War. 

Its utilitarian nature apart, the N.A. Works is an important part of the town’s colonial heritage which together with the Central Office and other  offices in the vicinity like the Emir’s Council Chambers (the Majalisa),the Alkali Courts and the Local Police Charge Office formed the central core of the old Native Authority administration. They constituted what in today’s parlance would be referred to as the township’s Three Arms Zone. 

The N.A. Works, as an imposing edifice, also adds greatly to the visual appeal of the Kofar Fada (forecourt to the emir’s palace) and modern equivalents stand no comparison. It has survived the pressures and tensions of times past and is still strong. It cannot by any stretch of the imagination be thought to have outlived its usefulness. Pulling it down will be a great mistake which will surely be regretted in the course of time. 

But why has this important building been abandoned in the first place? The ostensible reason is the building of a new local government secretariat outside the town walls in the late 1990s; it was aimed at decongesting the existing offices and also to cater for the needs of the continually expanding administrative machinery at the local level. This is logical. What is illogical is the decision to move out every department to the new secretariat and leave the existing historical offices to decay.

 To be sure, the Emirate Council later inherited part of the office complex, particularly the Central Office, but the Council simply doesn’t have the staff strength to fully occupy an office complex that served an entire local government administration. Even the Central Office which was once a magnificent semi-Moorish style building is now in a state of disrepair. It presently serves as the secretariat for the Hadejia Emirate Council. The building, constructed with the characteristic red bricks of colonial government and N.A. infrastructure in Hadejia, had effectively served as the secretariat for the Hadejia N.A. and later Hadejia Local Government.

Abandoning the historic N.A. Works Department buildings and yard when the new secretariat has provision for office accommodation only beggars belief. The importance of the works department cannot be overemphasised—as stated above, it is the local government equivalent of the public works department, the agency for executing works and providing services to the community. 

The old building complex had separate workshops for carpentry, masonry and painting; metal work, automobile workshops and garages, all equipped with the necessary tools. It also housed sections for building feeder roads and maintenance of township roads, for constructing wells and lots of other essential services. How could a yard housing such important workstations be abandoned? 

So much for the importance of this building! The question now is what to do? 

I understand there have been suggestions to have it torn down and then build, on the spot, an extension for the adjacent, albeit separated by an alley way, Hadejia Central Mosque. That would have been ideal had the present mosque been inadequate.  And besides, there are no less than ten Friday mosques dotted around the township which provide convenient alternatives to the main central mosque for the Muslim faithful in Hadejia.

Having said that, what do I recommend instead? In one word, I would say restoration; and conversion to a museum and a centre for historical documentation. 

Hadejia is a town that prides itself on its history, of craftsmanship and equestrian skills and, especially, the dogged resistance to the imposition of British colonial domination. Unfortunately, written or physical evidence of that history is scanty or not available at all.

A rehabilitated and converted N.A. Works can easily become Hadejia’s equivalent of the Gidan Makama and Mambayya House, all rolled in one.

 The workshops section can be used to showcase the town’s artefacts and other war-time paraphernalia while the offices can be turned into a centre for historical research and documentation. It is instructive that those offices originally housed the N.A. Library & Reading Room before it was moved to its present location. 

The proceeds earned from visiting tourists can be used for the maintenance of the edifice.

I use the word, restoration, deliberately to emphasise the need to restore the building to its former pristine form complete with the semi-Moorish style architecture and particularly, the arched entrance and exit gateways which carried the unmistakable inscription “1960 HADEJIA N.A. WORKS DEPARTMENT 1960” spanning full-length of the perfectly semi-circular arch.  

It is here in Nigeria that we don’t seem to cherish monuments and symbols of our historical past. Other societies do and can sometimes exert unimaginable efforts to preserve them. One such example from a different clime readily comes to mind:  the Old Bridge, built in the 16th Century, in the historic city of Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina.  The bridge was destroyed during the Croat-Bosniak War in 1993 but the multi-cultural denizens of Mostar were so determined to preserve this piece of their history that they sought for international help through UNESCO and reconstructed it. 

What makes the exercise all the more remarkable is the insistence and utmost care taken which ensured that not only the original Ottoman architectural design was maintained but that fragments of the original material were recovered from the rubble of the old bridge and reused in reconstructing the new bridge! 

There is one aspect of the preservation of historical monuments that the Hadejia Emirate Council is doing very well— the old buildings at the Emir’s Palace. The Council deserves commendation for this effort. Specifically, the old Soraye (singular: soro). These large entrance halls or lobbies are mud buildings with vaulted roofs (Daurin Guga) constructed with traditional Hausa architecture. The inside is adorned with arches (Bakan Gizo) and decorative motifs. They constitute the public area in the Palace and are actually a complex of interconnected rooms.

One particular room or reception hall, in the Hadejia Emir’s Palace, Babban Gwani, is named after the legendary Zaria master builder who is said to have built it. His real name is Muhammadu Munkhaila Dugura, and was the Sarkin Magina of Zaria. He was nicknamed Babban Gwani for his outstanding craftsmanship and was considered as inimitable. He constructed the Friday Mosque in Zaria during the reign of Abdulkarim in the late 1830s or early 1840s. He is also reputed to have built Friday mosques and palaces in quite a few Hausa towns and cities. Little wonder that he has been linked with the Hadejia Emir’s Palace in this significant way.

The Babban Gwani deft touch is obviously what the N.A. Works needs at the moment.

Friday, 28 February 2020

Sama da Shekaru 50, Marigayi Sa'adu Zungur Yayi Wannan Wa'azin a Sigar Waka

~ Matukar a arewa da karuwai,
~ yan daudu dasu da magajiya.
~ Da samari masu ruwan kudi,
~ Ga mashaya can a gidan giya.
~ Matukar yayan mu suna bara,
~ Titi da Loko-lokon Nijeriya.
~ Hanyar birni da na kauyuka,
~ Allah baku mu samu abin miya.
~ Sun yafu da fatar bunsuru,
~ Babu mai tanyonsu da dukiya.
~ Babu shakka yan kudu zasu hau,
~ Dokin mulkin Nijeriya.
~ In ko yan kudu sunka hau,
~ Babu sauran dadi, dada kowa zai
sha wuya.
~ A Arewa zumunta ta mutu,
~ Sai karya sai sharholiya.
~ Camfe-camfe da tsibbace
tsibbacen,
~ Malaman karya yan damfara.
~ Sai karya sai kwambon tsiya,
~ Sai hula mai annakiya.
~ Ga gorin asali da na dukiya,
~ Sai kace dan annabi fariya.
~ Jahilci ya ci lakar mu duk,
~ Ya sa mana sarka har wuya.
Ya sa mana ankwa hannuwa,
~ Ya daure kafarmu da tsarkiya.
~ Bakunan mu ya sa takunkumi,
~ Ba zalaka sai sharholiya.
~ Wagga al’umma mai zata yo,
~ A cikin zarafofin duniya.
Kai Bahaushe ba shi da zuciya ,
~ Zaya sha kunya nan duniya “.
~ “Mu dai hakkin mu gaya muku,
~ Ko ku karba ko kuyi dariya.
~ Dariyar ku ta zam kuka gaba,
da nadamar mai kin gaskiya.
~ Gaskiya ba ta neman ado,
ko na zakin muryar zabiya.
~ Karya ce mai launi bakwai,
ga fari da baki ga rawaya.
~ Ga kore ga kuma algashi,
toka-toka da ja sun garwaya”.
~ Marigayi Sa’adu Zungur a cikin
~ waken sa mai suna “Arewa
~ Jamhuriya ko Mulukiya”

Allah Yajikan Malam Saadu Zungur 

Monday, 24 February 2020

GUDUMMAWAR MARUBUTA WAJEN HABAKA TATTALIN ARZIKIN KASA A JIHAR JIGAWA DAGA BINTA USAINI UMAR MRS (Ph.D) WURI: JIGAWA STATE POLYTECHNIC, DUTSE KWANAN WATA: 20-02-2020



Tsakure
Wannan maqala an shirya ta ne da nufin dubawa da kawo gudummawar marubuta wurin havaka tattalin arziqin qasa a jihar Jigawa. A qasashen da suka ci gaba wannan batu ba sabon abu ba ne domin dama dai masu hikima kan ce “dillalin wada shi ya san kuxin jariri”. Babu wani ja in ja, idan muka ce harkar rubutu a sassan duniya ta fi ta man fetur da duk wani ma'adani na lu'ulu'u da zinare da azurfa da zabarjadi da kuma yaqutu muhimmanci. Domin kuwa, duk waxannan ma'adinai na qarewa amma fikirar xan'adam za ta ci gaba da wanzuwa ne a doran qasa matuqar mutum guda na numfashi. Sai dai, wannan aiki ya yi nutso ne tare da ninqaya cikin kogin nazari a jihar Jigawa domin ita ce farfajiyar binciken. A dalilin haka, an yi gabatarwa da bayanin kevavvun kalmomin nazari da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike da sakamakon bincike wanda ya qunshi gudummawar marubuta wurin havaka tattalin arziqi a wannan jiha mai albarka. Don haka, wannan tattaunawa da za a zayyana a yau dama ce kuma burgami na musayar ra’ayi a tsakanin mahalarta wannan taro, sannan ma’auni ne na tantance matsayin marubuta a tsakanin al’umma ta fuskar bunqasar tattalin arziqin wannan jiha ta Jigawa.

1.0 Gabatarwa
A wannan rana ta yau, na xauki gabatar da wannan maqala a matsayin  wani al’amari  mai matuqar muhimmanci a gare ni, kasancewar zan gabatar da rubutu na ne a kan marubuta da rubutunsu kuma a gaban marubutan. A xabi’a, na ta so ne da son karatu na kowane irin abu da kuma girmama baiwar marubuci. Dalili kuwa shi ne, su marubuta a cikin kowace al’umma, mutane ne da suka fi shahara da baiwa da fikira da tunani da kuma hangen nesa. Marubuta na da halittaccen tabarau na hango burace-burace da qudurce-qudurcen da ke birnin zuciyar al’umma da suke tafikar da tunaninsu. Cikin salale da dabaru da kuma hikimomi marubuta kan rattaba waxannan burace-buracen a kan holama su kuma qawace su da ruwan tawada ta hanyar amfani da alqalami wanda yake dacewa da dukkan zamanin da al'umma ta tsinci kanta a ciki.
Surar da ta fara sauka a al’qur’ani ta yi umarni ne da karatun duk wani abin karantawa muddin an haxa shi da sunan Allah, surar Iqra’a. Sannan a aya ta 13 cikin surar Hujurat an bayyana muhimmancin nazarin harshe, ciki har da rubutu. Haka kuma, Ubangijinmu Allah ya bayyana tasirin amfani da tunani wurin warware wa al’umma matsala, don haka, yake qarfafawa mutane gwiwarsu da su yi amfani da hankali da ilimin da ya ba su domin yin nazarin abubuwan da ya halitta a kewaye da su ta hanyar nazari da rubutu su kalli halittar Allah, su warware matsalolinsu na rayuwa. A cikin suratul Ali Imrana sura ta uku aya ta (190- 191) Allah yana cewa:
Lallai ne, a cikin halittar sammai da qasa da savawar dare da yini akwai ayoyi ga masu tunani (ma’abota hankali). Waxanda suke tunawa da Allah a tsaye da zaune da a kan sansaninsu, kuma suna tunani a kan halittar sammai da qasa. Ya ubangiji ba ka halicci wannana kan banza ba. Tsarkinka! Saboda haka, ka tsare mu daga azabar wuta”. (Gumi, 1985:158)

Qiyasin al’ummar Jigawa dai ya nuna kashi 98% musulmi ne kuma suna wakiltar musulunci ne da musulmi cikin rubutunsu da duk wata fasaha da al’amuran rayuwa. Don haka, waxannan hujjoji na baya qunshe suke da matsayin marubuta a mahangar addini da rayuwa. A yanzu zamu qusa cikin gangar jikin maqalar, mu fito da samuwar rubutu da gudummawar marubuta a harshen Hausa da kuma bayani kan jihar Jigawa musamman ta fuskar ilimi da kuma tattalin arziqi a jihar Jigawa.

2.0 Kebabbun Kalmomin Nazari
A wannan bagire ne aka duba bayanan masana kan abin da ya shafi samuwar rubutun Hausa da gudummawar marubutan Hausa a fagagen rayuwa da kuma bayani kan jihar Jigawa musamman kan al’amuran ilimi da tattalin arziqin qasa.

2.1 Samuwar Rubutu a Qasar Hausa
Kafin kawo tarihin rubutu da samuwarsa a qasar Hausa, yana da muhimmancin mu kawo bayanin Abdullahi (1977: 2-3) cikin Yahaya (1988), wanda ya nuna cewa, al’ummar Sumerawa mutanen qasar Mesophotamiada su ne suka fara qirqirar rubutu shekaru 5,000 da suka wuce ta sigar zanen surori ko alamomi da suka kai kimanin 600. Masu biyewa Sumerawa su ne al’ummar Sinawa waxanda suke rubutun surori a shekaru 3,500 kuma suna amfani da surori kimanin 5,000 domin isar da saqo. Mutanen Masar su ne maqwabtan qasar Mesophotamia su ma rubutunsu irin na Sumerawa ne a wancan lokacin suna amfani da surori 700 kafin su sauya zuwa na Larabci. Wani fannin rubutu shi ne naLarabci da ya shafe fiye da shekaru dubu biyu da suka wuce.
Fonisiyawa wato al’ummar da ke kusa da Siriya ne suka fara qago rubutun abacada shekaru 3,400 da suka suna amfani da baqaqe da wasula 22. Bayan shekara 1000, sai  Romawa suka kwaikwaye suka rubuta harshensu na Latin ta yin amfani da baqaqen abacada guda 23 wanda ya zama tushen rubutun boko. 
Idan mun gangaro ga samuwar rubutu a qasar Hausa. Hakan, ya doshi shekaru xari biyar zuwa shida tun daga lokacin da suke baddala haruffan Larabci zuwa Hausa wato Ajamin Hausa. Yahaya (1988). Bayan shekaru xari biyu zuwa uku aka sami rubutun boko na Hausa. Don haka, harshen Hausa ya rabauta da hanyoyin rubutu iri biyu da yake adana adabinsa da al’adunsa da kuma shi kansa harshen. Sai dai Abdullahi (2013), ya qalubalanci Hausawa da cewar ba su da rubutun kansu har zuwa yau, kuma ya kawo mafita cikin littafinsa na “Rubutun Tafi”.

 2.2 Gudummawar Marubutan Hausa A Fannonin Rayuwa
Marubuta sun daxe suna luguden kalmomi da baje koli fasaharsu a fannoni da dama na rayuwa cikin hanyoyin adabi da waqa ko labari ko wasan kwaikwayo ko kuma fim. Rubutu mafi daxewa dai shi ne na waqa da aka fi amincewa da an fara tun a qarni na sha bakwai zuwa yau ta sigar ajami, ko da yake akwai waqoqin da suka shafi addini zalla a qarnukan (17 da 18 da kuma 19) da waqoqin haxakar addini da rayuwa da kuma waqoqin rayuwa zalla (20 da 21).
Cikin mashahurin littafin da har kwanan yau ba a samu kamarsa ba kan tarihin rubuce-rubucen Hausa, Yahaya (1988), ya bayyana samuwar rubutun boko na Hausa tun a qarni na sha shida. A qasar turai, wato Denmarka aka fara renon rubutun, kuma a can ne Turawan suka fara goyonsa. Sannan wasu daga cikinsu, sun biyo shi qasarsa ta haihuwa tare da shayar da shi mama. Da suka ga ya fara ta-ta-ta sai suka nemo magadansa suka haxa shi da su har ya fara tafiya dagwai-dagwai. Daga nan, aka sami marubuta qagaggun labarai ‘yan gida, a lokacin hukumar talifi (Zangon Imam: 1933), da na kamfanin gaskiya da lokacin NORLA, har zuwa Zangon NNPC zuwa na Adabin zamani da ya shiga qarni na ashirin da xaya. An kuma samu ci gaba wurin rubutun labari a mayar da shi fim musamman a wannan sabon qarni da muke ciki. Adamu, A. da Adamu, Y. M. da Jibril U.F (2004).
Shi kuwa fitaccen farfesa na harshen Ingilishi wato Kamal (2014:200) ya duba litttafan hikaya ne ta fuskoki biyu na Ingilishi masu da’awar aqidar boko zalla da kuma littafan hikaya masu da’awar musulunci. Hakan ya sa, rubuce-rubucen farfesan suke wakiltar musulunci da Hausawa. Haka, kuma rubuce-rubucen marigayi Gimba (2015) suma sun tabbatar da samun rubuce-rubuce na hikaya masu da’awar musulunci cikin harshen Ingilishi.
A vangare guda rubutun wasan kwakwayo ya fara ne daga zuwan rubutun boko kuma shi ne auta a cikinsu. Cikin bayanin Yahaya (1978:6-8) da Omotoso, da Skinner (1978) sun nuna yadda musulunci ya hana samuwar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin ajami. Sai dai Ahmed (1987:4) ya yi iqirarin cewa za a sami rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi da ajami kafin a fara yi da boko, tun da an same shi a tsakanin wasu al’ummatan da ke amfani da tsarin rubutun ajami. (Malumfashi 2014:265). 
Domin bayyana matsayin marubuta a al’umma Adamu (2010), ya bayyana cewa babu al'ummar da za ta ci gaba matuqar babu marubuta a cikinta domin kuwa su ne ke tattara tarihin al'ummarsu su adana shi cikin rayayyen adabi. Farfesan na kimiyyar qasa ya duba marubuta ne ta fuska biyu wato waxanda ake haihuwarsu da baiwar da kuma waxanda suke koyo. Domin tafiya bisa wannan turba, Abba (2020) ya qara da cewa"ko xan baiwar rubutu ba ya gane hakan sai ya fara rubutun ne baiwar take bayyana”. Hakan tasa ya ke gani ya kamata marubuci ya zama tamkar quli-quli wanda ko'ina ka juya shi zaka same shi yadda kake so.
Domin qarin bayani kan na baya, Adamu (2010), ya sake fito da muhimmancin marubuta a cikin al'ummarsu inda yake nuna cewa marubuta sun bambanta da sauran mutane ba wai don sun fi su ba, sai don baiwar da Allah ya yi musu ta tunani wadda sauran mutane ba su da ita. Haka kuma, tunanin marubuta ya bambanta da na sauran al'umma domin sukan kalli rayuwa da al'amuran da kan je su komo da wata fahimta ta daban, wannan tunani shi ne yake sauyawa ya zama rubutu da za mu iya kallonsa a matsayin tafsiri na rayuwa.
Domin qarin bayani kan marubutan adabin zamani, Adamu (2010) ya yi wawaye kan annobar da ta samu marubuta musamman na qasar Hausa daga lokacin da kamfanin wallafa littafai na NNPC ya dakatar da buga littattafai, marubuta na wannan zamani suka shiga halin ni ‘ya su. A cikin wannan hali Farfesan ya ambaci wasu jigajigan marubuta Hausa da suka haxa da Talatu Wada Ahmed da Farfesa Yusuf Adamu da Ado Ahmad Gidan dabino da Sunusi Shehu Daneji da Xan 'azumi Baba Cexiyar 'Yangurasa da su Balaraba Ramat Yakubu da da Adamu Muhammad da Alkhamees D. Bature da Bala Anas Babinlata da sauransu da yawa suka jagoranci naqudar Adabin Hausa na zamani. 
Shehin malamin ya rufe batun da cewa, haqiqa zan iya cewa gudummawarsu ta taka rawa wajen dawwamar da adabin Hausa na zamani har ya zama a raye zuwa yau. Haka kuma, tagomashin da waxancan marubuta adabin zamani suka bayar ya sa harshen Hausa ya zama cikin manyan harsunan da ake rubutu a cikinsa.
Adamu (2008), farfesan ilimi da sadarwa, shi ma ya jagoranci gyara wa marubuta sahu musamman na fasahar fim. Hakan, ya jawo sa-toka-sa-katsin da suka yi da wasu shahararrun ‘yan fim. A vangare guda kuma, ya jawo rashin mutuwar rubutu cikin gaggawa. Domin da kasuwar adabi na littattafai ta fara da kushewa, sai marubutan suka fara sauya sheqa suna rubutun fasaha. A yau muna da fina-finai masu dogon zango daga taskar marubuta irinsu “daxin kowa” da kuma “kwana casa’in” wanda gwamnatin wannan jiha ta bayar da gudummawa ta musamman kan xaukar shirin a cikin jiharta.
Shi kuwa rubutu a fanni guda, shi ne amfani da alamomi ko zayyana su ko qyasa su a kan takarda ko wani bagire don sadar da magana wadda xan’Adam ya fi faxarta da baki a ji da kunne (Yahaya, 1988:1). Haka kuma, rubutu hanya ce ta isar da saqo cikin sauqi fiye da hanyar magana ta baka wadda ke cike da sammatsi tsakanin mai magana da wanda yake sauraro da wahalar yin tafiyayya da gudun mantuwa. Ko ba komai mun san “kai riqo yake amma ajiya sai rubutu”. Tun da rubutu ne yake wakiltar mai shi, don haka, buqatar qwarewa da amfani da hikimomi da adon harshe ke qara masa armashi da kuma sauqaqa salon marubucin.
Masana sun bayyana rabe-raben marubuta ta fuskoki biyu—qagaggu da na haqiqa; wannan maqala ba ta bai wa wani vangaren rubutu fifiko ba domin kuwa,  “da nonon da aka saya da wuri da kuma wanda aka saya da xari duk farinsu xaya”. Tabbas, marubutan Hausa karanku ya kai tsaiko domin kuna cikin mashahuran limaman gyara da daidaitawa al'umma sahu ta fuskar ilimi da zamantakewa da siyasar rayuwa da wayar da kan al'umma. 

2.3 Jihar Jigawa
Kirarinta shi ne tarin Allah, musamman saboda jihar Jigawa ba a dunqule take wuri guda ba, haka kuma ana yi mata kirari da sabuwar duniya.  Tana da masarutu guda biyar. A fahimtata warwatsuwar Jigawa ‘yar manuniya ce ta havaka da bunqasar sassanta cikin qanqanin lokaci. Babban birnin jihar shi ne, Dutse a masarautar Dutse. Sauran masarautun sun haxa da Gumel da Haxejiya da Kazaure da Ringim.Wannan jiha ce da ta ginu shekaru 29 da suka wuce daga tsohuwar jihar Kano. An qirqiri jihar ranar 27 ga watan Agusta a 1991.
A qidayar al’umma ta shekarar (1991) jihar na da al'umma kimanin 2, 829,929.  A shekara ta (2006), qiyasin ya nuna 4, 3000,000 inda ake samun qaruwar al’umma da kashi 3.5%  a duk shekara, kashi 48% matasa ne ‘yan shekaru goma sha biyar zuwa qasa. Jiha ce da ke da manyan harsunan guda biyu wato, Hausa da Fulatanci. Harshen da yake biye musu shi ne na Manganci musamman a sassan Birniwa da kiri-kasamma. A vangaren Guri kuma akwai harshen Badanci sannan da harshen Warji a yankin Birnin Kudu. Akwai kuma harsunan da ke magagin mutuwa irinsu Auyakanci da Duwanci a yankin Haxejiya da kwarkwanci a yankin Gwaram.
  Ta fuskar ilimi jihar Jigawa na kan gaba da manyan farfesoshi da likitocin ilimi da manyan malamai a fannoni daban-daban da ba za su qidayu ba. Akwai jami’o’i biyu ta tarayya da ta jiha. Ga kuma kwalejin ilimi da fasaha da kimiyya da ayyukan gona da fasahar sadarwa da kuma vangaren lafiya da aikin ungozoma. 
Bayan shekaru goma da qirqirar jihar, alqaluma sun nuna cewar jihar na da koma baya ta fuskar tattalin arziqi. Hakan ya zaburar da dattijan jihar wurin yin hovvasa don ganin an samar da hanyoyin havaka tattalin arziqin jihar. Hakan kuma, ya kawo bunqasar tattalin arziqin jihar ta fuskoki da dama.
A jihar Jigawa akwai qungiyoyin marubuta muhimmai guda biyu na ANA da JISWA da suke taka muhimmiyar rawa wurin samar da rubuce-rubuce da wallafe-wallafe da sauran al’amura na fasaha.

3.0 Hanyoyin Gudanar da Bincike da kuma Ra’in Nazari
Wannan maqala takenta da yanayinta da kuma yadda sakamakonta zai kasance ba ta buqatar bin tsohuwar mazahaba ta rubutu daga kwance (Arm Chair Approach) sai dai bin salon nazari ta hanyar tattaki (Empirical Approach). Hakan yasa aka duba Fasalin Jihar Jigawa aka kuma bai wa kowane vangare haqqi bisa masarautun jiha. Ra’in da wannan maqala ta duba shi ne modern technological production, “aikin fasahar sadarwa cikin wallafa” na Karl Max cikin Ado (2017).

3.1 Jama’ar Bincike da Samfurinsu
Jama’ar bincikenmu ta nuna cewa duk da rashin cikakkiyar hujja kan yawan marubuta a jihar Jigawa, sai dai qiyasi ya nuna sun kai kimanin 300-400 daga sassa daban-daban na jihar Lamixo (2020). 

Samfurin Jama’ar Bincike:
An xauki marubuta ashirin da ke jihar jiagwa kuma an zave su ne daga vangaren masarautu biyar daga masarautun Dutse da Gumel da Hadejia da Kazaure da kuma Ringim.
Maza
Mata
Adadi
Dutse
2
1
2
Gumel
2
3
5
Hadejia
3
3
6
Kazaure
2
1
3
Ringim
2
2
4

4.0 Sakamakon Bincike
Wannan qarni na ashirin da xaya ya bambanta da sauran qarnukan da suka gabace shi, domin ya fifita sadarwa a kan kowane fanni na rayuwa. Shi kuwa rubutu na xaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin sadarwa da ya haxa da fikara da kuma qirqira. Hakan yasa, rubutu da marubuta suka zama tushe na samun ci gaban kowace al’umma da ke duniya. Don haka, suka kuma zama manyan tubala na havakar tattalin arziqi.Kasancewar ana yi wa mutum kwatance ne daidai da karan hancinsa, wannan vangare ya fito da ganawar da ka yi da marubuta ashiri (20) ta hanyar tattaunawa ta baka da baka da kuma naxar maganganu da adana su cikin ma’adanin magana a wayar salula.

4.1 Gudummawar Marubutan jihar Jigawa ta fuskar havaka tattalin arziqin qasa
A madadin "gudu da waiwaye wanda ke kawo mugun zato", Usaini (2020) da Mujahid (2020), da Babandede (2020), da Umar (2020), da kuma  Inuwa (2020), suka zavi yi wa tafiyarsu ado da waiwaye kan gudummawar marubuta da kuma karvuwar da suka yi shekaru talatin baya, musamman a arewacin Najeriya. A wancan lokacin, kusan kowace jiha akwai marubuta, sannan tsohuwar jihar Kano (da  take haxe da Jigawa) ta zamanto cibiyar masana'antar. Kowane marubuci ko marubuciya idan sun rubuta littafin za su zo Kano ne a buga musu kuma su masu bugawar ne ke sayar musu da shi ta hanyar sararwa ko kuma zubawa a shagunansu domin sayarwa. Misali Mandawari Publishing Company da Kasuwar Bata da Al'amin Publishing Company da Gidan Dabino Publishing Company da sauransu. Matan aure masu qaramin qarfi sun xauki sana'ar  da gaske kuma tana taimaka musu domin ta hanyar ta ne suke juya taro ya koma kwabo ta hanyar zuwa kasuwannin littattafai su kai tsofaffin na hannunsu a ba su sababbi su komo unguwanninsu suna ba da haya ana biyansu. 
Bahaushe dai kan ce “kowa ya raina mai labari, in ka ga mai gudu shi ne”. A ganawar da na yi da Umar (2020), ya bayyana cewa gintsewar tunani ce babba idan aka yi zancen marubuta ba sa cikin masu taimakawa hanyar bunqasar tattalin arziqin jihar Jigawa. A ganinsa vangarori biyu ne suka fi rubutu wato ilimi da lafiya, su xin ma ba sa tava bunqasa sai da tagomashin marubuta. Haka kuma,Bahaushekan ce “Inda yaro ya tsinci wuri, nan ya fi saurin tunawa”, don haka, marubucin ya qara da cewa“a  jihar jigawa hanyar rubuta waqa da buga ta da rera ta ya fi tasiri fiye da rubuta qagaggun labari da wasan kwaikwayo da ayyukan fasaha na musamman”.Muftahu (2020) shi ma ya goyi bayan wannan ra'ayi. Qarin haske kan gudummawar marubuta kan bunqasar tattalin arziqi a Jigawa aya samu goyon bayan  Ubali (2020), da Ya'u (2020), da  Lamixo (2020) da Gumuel (2020) da kuma Binin kudu (2020). Don haka, suka dubi havaka Tattalin arziqin a waxannan fuskokin:
Daidaikun al'umma 
Hanyar rubutu tumbin giwa ce; inda ta al’umma ke amfana da ita da suka haxa da 'yan kasuwa iri-iri tun daga masu sana'ar takardu da na alqalami da almajiran da ke cikin kasuwa da ke dakon littattafai da yaran da ke gararamba a kan titi da 'yan tasha da jami'an tsaro da direbobi da masu Sitidiyo (mawaqa da marubuta da masu ‘yan amshi) da masu shago da yaran shago da ‘yan agaji da sauransu kowa yana cin albarkacin marubuta da rubutu.   
Hukuma: 
    Hanyar cike foma-fomai da rasitai da harajin qungiyoyin da na hukuma
Masu sauraro: 
Suna samun bunqasar tunani ta hanyar sauroron waqoqi masu amfani tare da karanta littattafai masu ilimantarwa.
Manazarta: 
Malaman manyan makarantu da na jami'o'I, shehunnan malamai da likitocin ilimi da sauransu suna samun ci gaba ta hanyar nazari 

'Yan Fassara:
Masu fassara fim daga wani harshe musamman zuwa Hausa su ma na samun tattalin arziqi. Rubuce-rubuce na taimakawa gaya domin samun kevavvun kalmomin nazari da qamusu-qamusu na marubuta, haka kuma sababbin kalmomi na shigowa daga bakin mafassaran. Ana yin fassara a rubuce ko a xora murya bayan an gama fassarar akwai kuma masu tace muryar da aka xora, dukkaninsu albarkacin rubutu ne da marubuta.
Bunqasar Arziqi ta Sistam:
Wannan hanya ce da ta zama kamar Ambaliyar ruwan arziqi ga wanda ya shige ta. Babu wulaqanci,babu karya tattalin arziqi, babu “wa-ka-ci- ka tashi” a ciki ko “kan tawaye”. Mutum yana iya yin tallar liittafinsa ko waqarsa ko wata fasaha yana kan gadonsa ta hanyar turawa 'yan kwamadi domin su tallata hajarka, a youtube, tare da bayar da link xin da za a shiga domin samun littafin ko waqar. Kafafe na sada zumunta su ma za su bunqasa wannan haja misali, “whats’up” da “face book” da sauransu.  Duk lokacin da mutum ya shiga link xin akwai kaso da zai faxa asusun marubucin. Ana kuma iya buxe shafi ta rariyar liqau wadda yawan jama’ar da suke ziyartar shafin tamkar su ne jarin marubuci, yayin da suka kai wani qiyasi daga nan marubuci ya zama kadara. Fitattun shafukan utube sun haxa da “Tsakar gida da Hausa Top TV”.

Tallata gari da yanki:
Ta hanyar marubuta jama’a na sanin gari da yanki kuma na jawo jama’a su shigo su kafa dandali tare da baje kolin sana’arsu, inda kuma al’umma ta yawaita wasu abubuwan ci gaba.

Kai kukan al’umma ga hukuma
Jiha da al’ummar cikinta na samun ci gaba yayin da marubuta suka fito da matsalolinsu, kuma suka isar da su ga hukuma ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce. Musamman yadda ake amfani da sababbin fasahohin sadarwa irinsu, whatsup da face book da sauransu.    

Makarantu/ cibiyoyin ilimi
Ana samun ci gaba daga fikirar marubuta a cibiyoyin ilimi da makarantu, ta wannan hanyar ana ziyartar su domin bunqasar tunani da nazari, kuma ta wannan hanya duniya kan san marubuci. A irin waxannan hanyoyi fitattun marubuta suka yi shura suka fito aka sansu a duniya.

Bayanin sakamakon bincikenmu ya nuna cewa, kashi 55% na marubutan da aka yi wa tambayoyi, (musamman waxanda suke cikin qungiyoyin marubuta) sun gamsu da cewa suna bayar da gagarumar gudummawa wajen havaka tattalin arziqin qasa,domin idan kura na da rabo ajikin takobi sai a sayar da shi a sayo akuya”.  Amma kashi 45% cikin xari na marubutan na ganin rubutu a matsayin  “wutsiyar tsaka mai gautsi” ", musamman idan muka duba matsalolin da suka yi kaka-gida a duniyar rubutu da marubutan wannan jiha ta Jigawa.

4.2 Matsalolin da Marubuta ke fuskanta a jihar Jigawa
Hausawa kan ce kuma “muguwar miya dai ba ta qarewa a tukunya”, hakan na nuni da tarin matsalolin da marubutan jihar Jigawa suka bayyana yayin nemo bayanai kan wannan batu.
1. Matsalar al’umma: 
Rashin xaukar aikin fasaha da daraja daga al'ummar qasar Hausa
Nuna kyama da hantara da nisanta daga al’umma.
Rashin xabi’ar karatu.
2- Hukuma:
Matsalar tsaro
Kasuwar talifi/tallatawa guda xaya
Rashin tallafi
Rashin tausayi daga vangaren hukuma
Qarfafa gwiwa da sanya gasa 
Satar fasaha
Rashin sanya littafan zamani a cikin manhaja
3- Matsalar Marubuta:
Rashin faxaxa  ilimin rubutu
Rashin ilimi kan sabuwar fasahar sadarwa 
Rashin amfani da qa’idojin rubutu
Rashin jituwa da musayar ayyuka
Rashin bincike yayin rubutu
Rashin  kuxi
4.3 Hanyoyin Inganta harkokin Rubutu a jihar Jigawa
Ma’abota hikima dai na cewa “kuwwa da kuwwa  ba ta korar buzu”, kuma “tsakuwa xaya ba ta dave”,  hakan ta sa wannan maqala ta kawo shawarwari daga ɓangarori mabambanta da za a inganta harkar rubutu da kuma marubutan,  ta waxannan fuskoki:
1- Marubuta:
Ilimin rubutu/qa’idojin rubutu/sabuwar fasahar sadarwa/musayar ayyuka/rashin kuxi 
Qwarewa ta fuskar koyo
Qirqira
Kaifafa tunani
Haxin gwiwa
Sadarwa
Qwarewa ta fuskar ilimi
Nemo bayanai
Amfani da kafafen saadaewa
Sanin sabuwar fasahar sadarwa 

Qwarewa ta zamantakewa
Sauqin hali 
Jagoranci
Samar da wallafa
Iya mu’amala
2- Hukuma:
Yarda da cewa marubuta za su magance matsalolin tavarvarewar tattalin arziqi a tsakanin al’umma;
Jan marubuta a jika da nuna musu su ma mutane ne masu daraja;
Samar da dokar kare martaba da tsaro ga rayuwar marubuta;
Samar da kasuwar talifi/tallatawa a kowace masarauta da kuma babbar kasuwa a babban birnin jihar Jigawa, wato Dutse;
iii) Fitarwa harkar wallafa kasafi na kuxin jiha/qasa;
Adalcin hukuma kan kuxaxen haraji da foma-fomai da rasitai;
Qarfafa gwiwa da sanya gasa a tsakanin marubuta daban-daban da ke jihar da ma qasa baki xaya;
Amfani da fasahar sadarwa domin kamawa da daqile satar fasaha;
Samar da tsarin haxaka na malamai da manazarta da kafafen sadarwa da marubuta domin musayar ilimi;
Samar da tarurruka iri-iri masu alaka da wannan.
3- Al’umma: 
Wayar da kan al’ummar da ke  qasar Hausa a kan:
Daina nuna qyamata da hantara da nisantar marubuta ta hanyar kafafen sadarwa da malam addini da kuma Malaman zamani;
Samun karsashin xabi’ar karatu ga al’umma tun daga matakin ilimin firamare zuwa jami’a da sauya salon koyarwa da cusa karsashin karatu tsakanin yara qanana, musamman ta amfani da shirin Rana da DFID ya xauki nauyin tallafawa jihohin Arewa ciki har da jihar Jigawa.
Shigowar sarakuna da mawadata da mala cikin harkar marubuta
Samar da tsarin karatu a cikin gidajenmu

Kammalawa:
Ma'abota wannan taro,mu tuna da cewa "idan kaji mutum na tsoron dare ba a xaure shi ya kwance ba"  kuma “In ka ji na qiya samun dama ne”, haka kuma “matsi shi ke sa kalangu zaqi.A yau duniya ta dunqule wuri guda ta zama xan qaramin qauye na hulxa da juna cikin sauqi musamman ta fuskar sadarwa ta rubutu. Don haka, ya zama wajibi marubutan su tafi da zamani da tsare-tsaren da ke cikinsa masu albarka. Kasancewar an yi wa wannan batu kallon garau tare da nazarin qwaqwaf da Kuma tarken tsatsaf kan gudummawar marubuta wurin havaka tattalin arziqin wannan jiha tamu mai albarka. Da sunan Allah nake qarqare wannan maqala a matsayin tukuici ga marubuta da mazarta da kuma xaliban harshen Hausa na jihar Jigawa da qasa baki xaya, domin kuwa “da babbar rowa gara qaramar kyauta”. 

Manazarta 
Adamu, A.U. (2008). “Hausa da Hausanci a qarni na 21: Qalubale da Madosa” Taskar Gidan Dabino Being a paper resented at a one day sensitization  meeting of Hausa Motion Picture. 
Adamu, A. da Adamu, da Y. M. da Jibril U.F (2004). Hausa Home Vedio Technology, Economy and Society. Kano: Gidan Dabino.
Adamu, Y. (2010). Marubuta a Al’umma. Maqalar da aka gabatar a taron Ranar Marubuta.
Ado, A. (2017) Ra'o'in Bincike kan al'adun Hausawa. Maxaba'a Kanku Classique. Katsina.
Gidan Dabino, A.A. (2004). “Matsalolin da Nasarorin masu shirya fina-finan Hausa Musamman na Kano”. In Hausa Home Vedio Technology, Economy and Society. Kano: Gidan Dabino.
Ahmed, U.B (1987). “Muhammad Agigs Trans-Saharan Saga: a critique of An Early Hausa Dramatic Litereture”.
Babandede, B. (2020) Tattaunawa kan Gudummawar marubuta wajen havaka tattalin arziqi a jihar Jigawa. Rana:20/1/2020
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Gimba, A. (2015) Scared Apple 
Gumel,A.A (2020) Tattaunawa kan Gudummawar marubuta wajen havaka tattalin arziqi a jihar Jigawa. Rana: 15/1/2020
Gumi, A. (1985) Tarjamar Ma'anoni  Alqur’ani mai girma mai girma zuwa harshen Hausa. Darul Arabiyya lilxiba'ati Wannissar Beruit Lebanon.
Inuwa, M. U. (2020) Tattaunawa kan Gudummawar marubuta wajen havaka tattalin arziqi a jihar Jigawa. Rana:22/1/ 2020
Kamal, A. (2014) “The Islamic Novel and Structure’. In Festschrift in Tribute to Abdulqadir Xangambo
Lamixo, A.S. (2020) Tattaunawa kan Gudummawar marubuta wajen havaka tattalin arziqi a jihar Jigawa. 13/1/ 2020

Muftahu, M.U. (2020), Tattaunawa kan Gudummawar marubuta wajen havaka tattalin arziqi a jihar Jigawa. Rana:25/1/2020

Malumfashi, I. (2014). “Rubutattun Waqoqin Hausa kafin jihadi”. In Festschrift in Tribute to Abdulqadir Xangambo
Mujahid, U.U. (2020) Tattaunawa kan Gudummawar marubuta wajen havaka tattalin arziqi a jihar Jigawa.Rana: 2/2/2020
Omotoso, K. (1976)
Skinner (1980) An anthrophology of Hausa Litereture
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