RINDE

Is a site of historical significance located at the outskirt of Hadejia town, around the present Makara Huta, it was believed to be permanent camp of Umaru who succeeded Hardo Abdure as clan leader of the Hadejia Fulani in 1788. It was from this site that Umaru and his brother Sambo initiated the Jihad in Hadejia region. It also served as the first seat of Government of Hadejia Emirate, as the first two Emirs (Umaru and his son Mamman Kankiya) stayed there throughout their reigns. Sambo who ascended to the throne in 1808 relocated to Hadejia town in 1810 and made it in headquater.

NATIVE INDUSTRIES IN HADEJIA EMIRATE BEFORE 19TH CENTURY

The native industry in Hadejia emirate, weavers, builders, woodworkers and the professional butchers. But tailor embroinders, leather workers, cloth dyers, mat makers, etc practice as individual crafts. I can not attempt here to describe in full all the native industries in Hadejia emirate, neither from the technological point of view nor with regard to the detail of their organization.

One of the important manufacturing industry in the emirate is the clothing industry. Cotton cloth is produced in most of the localities in the emirate, the dominate areas being Kafin Hausa, Auyo, Hadejia and Bulangu.

Bulangu has since the pre-jihad period distinguished itself in the production of Bullama or white expensive (Riga) of high quality. All stages of the manufacturing process ginning, carding, spinning, dying and weaving are performing locally. There is division of labour following the line of sex. Whereas both sexes are engage in weaving, spinning is exclusive preserved for women. Spinning is one of the major occupation of women. While girl are taught how to make thread from the age of 10 years. It became a common occupation (if not the sole) among older women.

There are two basic types of textile production in the area, which are based on sex difference. Whereas men weavers work with pedals, women weavers use an upright broad loom. The men use a narrow upright loop and the women use an upright broad one in the textile production.

Closely related to the clothing industry is dying. Hand woven cloth dyed with colours mostly blue from plants provides most the clothing of the people centuries before the coming of the European made clothes. Dyeing is made with locally grown and processed indigo. Dye-pits were sunk and lined with local cement made from indigo dye, cow dung, ashes and horse hair. The locally grown dye was vigorously stirred in this cylinder by men using long poles. It gives a dark blue colour to cloth. In general, cloth of different colour are usually dyed blue but the expensive one is (Kore), which only the Sarakuna and attajirai can have.

Among the most important dye dentures in Hadejia emirate are in Hadejia (town with five 5 dyeing centers spread throughout the town), Hadiyin and Auyo. Hadiyin is noted for its dyeing industry throughout the emirate and beyond. The town is commonly referred to differentiate it from Mai Dan Karofi (Hadejia that had a dye pit) to differentiate as dyeing center. In fact, even Dr. Barth H. who claimed that the territory Hadejia had no industries in the 19th centuries, recognized the presence of many dying pits in the emirate, when he passed through the area this period .
Metal work is another long established craft industry throughout the emirate. Blacksmithing (which is the dominant type in the emirate) is a very important industry because most of the equipment for all economic activities are made by blacksmiths. The most important center for blacksmithing in the emirate is Kwazalewa in Kafin Hausa district. Among the most important tools manufactured in include agricultural implements such as varieties of hoes, cutlasses and knives etc. Military equipment like swords, chains, spears and the domestic use. Baitu in Birniwa district is an important center for the manufacturing of weapons such as spear and sword and local gun. An important aspect of this industry is that, throughout Hadejia emirate, there are no iron ore deposits and therefore it had to depend no others like Kano and Barno. In spite of the non-existence of iron ore deposits, blacksmithing is a very old occupation in Hadejia dating back to the pre-Fulani era.

Wood and Calabash carving are other old and important industries in the emirate. Calabashes are mainly produced in the eastern part of the emirate, Guru and Kirikasamma being dominant areas. The carving of calabashes into different pattern and shapes is an occupation of the areas where they are produced. On the other hand, wood carving is practiced virtually throughout the emirate. But the most important virtually throughout the emirate. But the most important and well known wood carving centers are Kafin Hausa (Agurya). And Auyo areas, in the south - western part of the emirate. The importance of wood carving arises from the fact that equipment for farming and household such as hoe handle plates (Akwashi) mortar (turmi), are carved from wood. Other product of this industry include saddles (sirdi) and stool (kujera).

Pottery is another important and widespread craft in Hadejia emirate. This craft provides the majority of the containers needed for liquids and foodstuff. One of oldest centers for pottery making is Hadejia town in the Garko ward. Pottery making is undertaken by both sexes, but women are dominant in the trade, shortage of pottery in the area is remedy by importation from Damadaram which produces pots much superior to the ones produced in Hadejia.

Other industries worth mentioning are leather making, ternary and building which are practiced throughout the emirate.

Reference:
Adeleye, R.A: Power and Diplomacy 1804-1906, longman London, 1977

Barth, H. Travels and Discovery in Northern and Central Africa Vol. 3, London 1857

Hogben S. & A.H.M The Emirate of Northern Nigeria: A Kirk Greene Preliminary survey of their Historical Traditional, London, 1966

M. U Mustapha: A short History of Hadejia 1800-1906

Suleiman Ginsau: Ruwan Atafi, 2015

Cook A.N: British Enterprises in Nigeria Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, London 1964

Mani Abdulmalik: Zuwan Turawa Nijerita ta Arewa Zaria, 1956

KOFAR GABAS (KOFAR GWANI)

This is the eastern gate of Hadejia town it was formally know as "Kofar Gwani" referring to one of it traditional keepers. When the British subjugated Hadejia in the early twentieth century they build their permanent barracks and residenty just outside the gate, since then the barrack has turned to become the main GRA for the town and of most of the political heads of the emirate or...

KOFAR TALATA (Kofar Mandara)

This gate is of historical significance to Hadejia. Situated in the northern east corner of the town, the gate drive its name from one of its keepers, a lady by that name. According to one tradition, the gate was initially know as "Kafar Talata" but as mandara succeeded her late husband as keeper of the gate, people started referring to the gate as "Kofar Mandara", because of the way she was effectively managing the gate.

One historical significance of the gate was that it was through the gate that British entered and subjugated Hadejia town in 25th April, 1906.

KULUFUNDU

Is an old settlement located on the eastern side of Hadejia Town, near Tandanu, in Kirikasamma LGA, Hadejia Emirate. It was said to have been established by Damagarawa immigrants. The historical significance of the side is that it was the place where Mai Ali of Barno camped on his way to attack Kano in the first half of 18th century. There is a tradition which says that at the site of KULUFUNDU there was a tamarind tree called Tsamiyar Linzame, whose branches were said to have bent due to the weight of bridles winged by Mai Ali soldier.

Political History of Hadejia Emirate

... To trace the political history of Hadejia emirate from the beginning of 19th century to the early part of 20th century. During the above period, two fundamental issues became very important in determining the history of the area. The two issues were the Jihad waged and led by the intelligentsia (mainly Fulani) in the area and British occupation of the area. Before the outbreak of the Jihad in 1804, Hadejia region was organized into seven 7 semi-independent principalities. The transformation of the seven 7 principalities into a single centralized political structure Emirate was started by Muhammad Sambo, who led the Jihad in the area. Muhammad Sambo succeeded in unifying four of the seven 7 polities to form Hadejia Kingdom while the remaining three 3 principalities, namely: Fagi, Dawa, and Marma were united by his causin Larmina and formed the Marma Kingdom.

In 1860s, Sarkin Hadejia Abubakar Buhari captured and incorporated Marma Kingdom into the Hadejia emirate, thus bringing the emirate to its present structure and size. www.sginsau.blogspot.com

The coming of Sarki Buhari to power in 1848, marked an important phase in the political history of the emirate. People of servile background were giving titles. Such people came to play a dominant role in the political history of the area. This development followed the method by which Buhari ascended the throne at the expense of his senior brother Ahmadu in defiance of the traditional succession system of the emirate. The controversy which followed the coming of Buhari to power, sowed the fratricidal strife in the family of Sambo. www.sginsau.blogspot.com

The coming of Buhari to power with its controversy led Sokoto to be directly involved in the internal affairs of Hadejia emirate more than anytime. The immediate effect of this was the which led to the defeat of the combined Caliphate forces by Buhari at the battle of Kafur. The military success of Buhari against the Caliphate forces gave him free hand to pursue an expansionist policy against the neighbour and broke relations with Sokoto. From that period until the outbreak of Hadejia Revolt in 1906, the political system of Hadejia came to be dominated by warring officers mostly servile origin. www.sginsau.blogspot.com

Despite peaceful occupation of Hadejia by the British in 1905, the Hadejia refused all overtures at negotiation with the British resulting in the outbreak of Hadejia revolt in 1906 that led to the forceful formal occupation of the emirate after the revolt ushered in a new political and administrative power - sharing in the area. The British formalized their occupation through the control of the machinery of appointment and disposition of administrative offices in the emirate including that of the Emir. For example, the first action of the British after the occupation of the emirate was the appointment of Chiroma Haru as the new Emir of Hafejia. This was a breach of the custom of giving Caliph of Sokoto the prerogative of confirming the emirate Emir. The action marked for the formal loss of sovereignty of the emirate to the British. www.sginsau.blogspot.com

The British established a new political system in which the power now revolved around the British representative, the district officer (D.O) under the system, the Emir was now the head of a colonial bureaucracy that could not point or dismiss administrative officials without consulting the D.O to attest their new power, the British structured Sarki Haru to abolish the leading war title of Jarma and Sarkin Yaki to create two new ones in their palace, namely Dan Iya and Tafida.

This laid the base for the establishment of the British administration in the area.  Taskar Suleiman GINSAU

Reference:
Adeleye, R.A: Power and Diplomacy 1804-1906, longman London, 1977

Barth, H. Travels and Discovery in Northern and Central Africa Vol. 3, London 1857

Hogben S. & A.H.M The Emirate of Northern Nigeria: A Kirk Greene Preliminary survey of their Historical Traditional, London, 1966

M. U Mustapha: A short History of Hadejia 1800-1906

Suleiman Ginsau: Ruwan Atafi, 2015

Cook A.N: British Enterprises in Nigeria Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, London 1964

Mani Abdulmalik: Zuwan Turawa Nijerita ta Arewa Zaria, 1956

SARKIN HADEJIA BUHARI DA DANFATIMA A KATAGUM

Abubakar Garba Mijin Maza,

Buhari kai keda nitsa, kai keda hankali,

Dan Allah ya yi ka uban jama'a,

Kuma kai Allah ya ba shugabanci gidan Sambo,

Ba dan na isa ba, in ka yarda ga aike ka shiga da shi,

Fasa maza, gagara gasa aiken shi ne,

In ka sauka lafiya ka gaida Nalara Sarkin Auyo,

Ka gai da Bello Sarkin Dutse Na Sambo sai nadawo.

ENGLISH VERSON:-

Abubakar Garba, leader of hero,

Buhari you are not only composed but also intelligent,

God had made you the leader,

And is you God had given the leadership of Sambo's house,

I have a message to be delivered,

The hero, incompatible, the message is that,

If you arrive safely, greet Nalara the Emir of Auyo,
And also greet Sarkin Dutse Na Sambo until you come back.

The reference made to Sarkin Auyo Nalara and Sarkin Dutse Bello by the praise singer was to warn Buhari of the imminent danger awaiting for him if he enter Katagum. He made the reference to draw a parallel comparison as both Sarkin Auyo Nalara and Sarkin Dutse Bello had been assassinated by Buhari and Sarkin Kano Usman....

References:-
V. N. Low, The Three Nigerian Emirate: A study in oral History, Northern-Western Uni. Press, Evanston, illunoiois, 1972p.13

J. E Gremantle - A history of the Region Comprising Katagum Division, Kaon province in J.R.A.S., No. 10 (1910-110).

Johnston, H.A.S. The Fulani Emirate of Sokoto Oxford University Press, London, 1971p.183

Suleiman GINSAU, Ruwan Atafi, p29, 2015.

Musa Usman Mustapha, A short history of Hadejia from 1800 - 1906